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اثر مصرف گوگرد و محتوای رطوبت خاک بر اکسایش گوگرد و ویژگیهای شیمیایی خاکهای آهکی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 57، شماره 1، فروردین 1405، صفحه 151-167 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2026.404098.670024 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جلال قادری* 1؛ محمد حسین داوودی2؛ ندا محمدی3؛ کریم شهبازی2؛ کمال خلخال4 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی. ایران. | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاکهای آهکی بیش از 87 درصد اراضی کشاورزی ایران را تشکیل میدهند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر مقادیر مختلف گوگرد (صفر، ۵۰۰ و ۱۰۰۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار) در دو سطح رطوبتی (۴۰ و ۶۰ درصد رطوبت اشباع) بر فرایند اکسایش گوگرد و برخی ویژگیهای شیمیایی خاکهای آهکی و غیرآهکی همراه با باکتری تیوباسیلوس (Thiobacillus) بود. آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در پنج نوع خاک با درصد آهک متفاوت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان اکسایش گوگرد در رطوبت 40 درصد و مقدار 500 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که این امر بهینهترین شرایط برای فعالیت میکروبی اکسیدکننده گوگرد را فراهم میآورد. افزایش رطوبت به 60 درصد باعث کاهش سرعت اکسایش ناشی از محدودیت اکسیژن و عملکرد کمتر فعالیت میکروبی شد. در این تحقیق بیشترین کاهش معنیدار pH و افزایش هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، غلظت قابلجذب فسفر، سولفات، آهن و روی پنج نوع خاک مربوطه به تیمار 1000 کیلوگرم گوگرد در هکتار و در رطوبت 40 درصد بود. بیشترین کاهش pH در خاک قزلر (87/0 واحد)، بیشترین افزایش EC در خاک بابل (19/1 دسیزیمنس بر متر)، و بیشترین غلظت فسفر (1/41 میلیگرم برکیلوگرم)، سولفات (2690 میلیگرم برکیلوگرم)، آهن (9/62 میلیگرم برکیلوگرم) و روی (25/1 میلیگرم برکیلوگرم) در خاک بابل ثبت شد. خاک شریفآباد با 44 درصد آهک، کمترین تأثیرپذیری را نسبت به اکسایش گوگرد و تغییرات pH داشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که مصرف گوگرد همراه با رطوبت بهینه میتواند بهعنوان راهکاری کارآمد برای اصلاح خاکهای با محتوای آهک کمتر از ۵۰ درصد مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اکسایش؛ تیوباسیلوس؛ رطوبت؛ خاک آهکی؛ گوگرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Sulfur Application and Soil Moisture Content on Sulfur Oxidation and Chemical Properties in Calcareous Soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| jalal ghaderi1؛ Mohammad Hossein Davoodi2؛ Neda Mohammadi3؛ Karim Shahbazi2؛ Kamal Khalkhal4 | ||
| 1Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center | ||
| 22. Associate Prof, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 33. Soil and Water Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iran | ||
| 4Researcher Expert, Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Calcareous soils constitute more than 87 percent of Iran's agricultural lands. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sulfur levels (0, 500, and 1000 kg/ha) under two moisture conditions (40% and 60% of saturated moisture) on sulfur oxidation and some chemical properties of calcareous and non-calcareous soils inoculated with Thiobacillus bacteria. The results showed that the highest sulfur oxidation rate occurred at 40% moisture and a dose of 500 kg/ha, which created optimal conditions for sulfur-oxidizing microbial activity and adequate soil aeration. Increasing moisture to 60% led to a reduction in the oxidation rate due to oxygen limitation and decreased microbial activity. In this study, the most significant decrease in pH and increase in electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus, sulfate, iron, and zinc concentration of the five soils were related to the treatment of 1000 kg/ha at 40% moisture. Among the soils, the largest pH reduction was recorded in Qezelr soil (a decrease of 0.87 units), while Babol soil showed the highest increase in EC (1.19 dS/m) and the highest concentrations of available phosphorus (41.1 mg/kg), sulfate (2690 mg/kg), iron (62.9 mg/kg), and zinc (1.25 mg/kg). In contrast, Sharifabad soil, with a 44% calcium carbonate equivalent content, demonstrated the least sensitivity to sulfur oxidation and subsequent pH changes. The results of this study indicate that sulfur application combined with optimal moisture can be used as an efficient strategy for the reclamation of soils with calcium carbonate content below 50%. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Calcareous soil, Moisture, Oxidation, Sulfur. Thiobacillus | ||
| مراجع | ||
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