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مروری بر مدیریت زیستی فرسایش شیاری و آبکندی با تاکید بر انتخاب گونههای گیاهی مناسب | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 57، شماره 1، فروردین 1405، صفحه 249-281 اصل مقاله (2.76 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2026.404090.670034 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن حسینعلی زاده* 1؛ علی رادکانی2؛ قادیرقلی کوچکنژاد3؛ فرخنده آقاجان لیافو3؛ حسن یگانه4 | ||
| 1گرگان ، میدان بسیج، پردیس دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| 2گروه آموزشی آبخیزداری، دانشکدة مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3گروه آموزشی آبخیزداری، دانشکدة مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. | ||
| 4گروه آموزشی مدیریت مرتع، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاک بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین ارکان منابع طبیعی، نقش بسیار عمدهای در زندگی انسان دارد. در میان فرآیندهای مختلف تخریب سرزمین، فرسایش خاک بزرگترین تهدید به حساب آمده و بهعنوان سازوکاری پویا بهشمار آمده که بایستی با تغییر دیدگاه و فراتر از گذشته به کاهش و مدیریت بههنگام آن پرداخته شود. چرا که هرگونه اقدامی بدون توجه به اصول فنی و پایدار محیط زیستی، تأثیرات جبرانناپذیر و یا پرهزینهای را رقم میزند. پژوهش حاضر به ارائه الگو برای انتخاب گونههای گیاهی مناسب بهمنظور کاهش و مدیریت زیستی فرسایش شیاری و آبکندی خاک در راستای توسعه پایدار و حفاظت از آب و خاک میپردازد. بعد از مرور منابع فرسایش در پژوهشهای متعدد، تأثیر برخی از گونههای گیاهی از لحاظ ویژگیهای تاج پوشش، ساقه، ریشه و شرایط سازگاری و تکثیر در فرسایش شیاری و آبکندی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان پیشنهادی در پژوهشهای مروری عموماً چندساله و با ساقههای سخت بودند که جوامع گیاهی با پوشش متراکم فوقانی و ریشه متراکم و عمیق را دارا بوده، تحمل شرایط خشک و مرطوب خاک را داشته و در صورت مدفون شدن توسط رسوبات، توان رشد و نموی مجدد را داشته باشند. در این پژوهش علاوه بر پتانسیل و گستردگی بالای گونههای گیاهی در کنترل فرسایش آبکندی و نیازمندی توجه بیشتر به مهندسی زیستی در احیا و کنترل آبکندها، برخی گونههای مناسب مانند نی (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)، وتیور (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.)، پنجهمرغی (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers)، گز پرشاخه (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb)، کهور درهای (Prosopis koelziana Burkil)، دیوخار (Lycium depressum Stocks) پیشنهاد شده است که میتواند الگوی مناسبی برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مدیریتی و اجرایی پروژههای مرتبط با احیای پوشش گیاهی و مدیریت زیستی فرسایش در سطح ملی باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| احیای زیستی؛ تخریب سرزمین؛ فرسایش خاک؛ مهندسی زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Review of Bioengineering of Rill and Gully Erosion Based on the Suitable Plant Species Selection | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh1؛ Ali Radkani2؛ Ghadir Gholi Kochaknejad3؛ Farkhondeh Aghajan Liafu3؛ Hassan Yeganeh4 | ||
| 1Department of Arid Zone Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, 49189-43436, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 4Department of Rangland Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil, as one of the most vital components of natural resources, plays a critical role in human life. Among various land degradation processes, soil erosion is considered the most significant threat and is recognized as a dynamic mechanism that must be addressed with a broader and more forward-thinking perspective. Any intervention lacking technical and environmentally sustainable principles may result in irreversible or costly consequences. This study aims to provide a model for selecting appropriate plant species to reduce and biologically manage rill and gully erosion in line with sustainable development and the protection of soil and water resources. Following a comprehensive review of erosion sources in multiple studies, the impact of specific plant species—based on canopy characteristics, stems, roots, adaptability, and reproduction—on rill and gully erosion was evaluated. The plant species recommended in the reviewed studies were preferably perennial, with rigid stems, dense upper canopy cover, and deep root systems. These species should tolerate both dry and moist soil conditions and have the capacity to regenerate even after being buried by sediments. In addition to highlighting the high potential and widespread applicability of plant species in controlling gully erosion and the need for greater attention to bioengineering in gully rehabilitation, this study also suggests several suitable species, including Reed (Phragmites australis), Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb, Lycium depressum Stocks and Prosopis koelziana Burkil. These species may serve as effective models for management and implementation decisions in restoration and bio-management of erosion at the national level. (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb)، کهور درهای (Prosopis koelziana Burkil)، دیوخار (Lycium depressum Stocks) | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Bioengineering, Biological Restoration, Land Degradation, Soil Erosion | ||
| مراجع | ||
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