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تاننها در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان؛ فرصتی برای بهبود بازده پروتئین و کاهش تولید متان | ||
| علمی- ترویجی (حرفهای) دامِستیک | ||
| دوره 26، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 36، خرداد 1405، صفحه 50-59 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/domesticsj.2026.406656.1224 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ساسان قمری* 1؛ فرهنگ فاتحی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گرایش تغذیه دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تاننها، گروهی ناهمگن از ترکیبات پلیفنولی گیاهان هستند که به طور گسترده در منابع خوراکی مختلف یافت میشوند. اگرچه تاننها به دلیل توانایی در رسوب دادن ماکرومولکولهایی مانند پروتئینها، عمدتاً به عنوان مواد ضد مغذی که منجر به کاهش مصرف خوراک و کاهش عملکرد حیوانات میشد، در نظر گرفته میشوند؛ امّا غلظتهای کم تا متوسط تاننها (بسته به منبع) میتوانند ارزش غذایی خوراک، کیفیت محصول و پایداری محیط زیست را بهبود بخشند، منجر به افزایش توجه به آنها شده است. تاننهای متراکم در محیط خنثی شکمبه کمپلکسهای تانن پروتئین تشکیل میدهند که در برابر تجزیه میکروبی مقاوم هستند که این سازوکار، پروتئین را از تجزیة بیش از حد محافظت کرده و جریان پروتئین غیرقابل تجزیه شکمبه (RUP) به روده کوچک را افزایش میدهد که این فرآیند بازده استفاده از نیتروژن را بهبود میبخشد. علاوه بر این، تاننها مزایای زیست محیطی قابل توجهی دارند؛ آنها تولید گاز متان (CH4) در نشخوارکنندگان را کاهش داده و با تغییر دفع نیتروژن از ادرار به مدفوع، دفع کلی نیتروژن را بهبود میبخشند. تاننها همچنین با تعدیل بیوهیدروژناسیون چربی در شکمبه، جریان اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع مفید مانند CLA و اسید واکسنیک به روده را افزایش داده و کیفیت گوشت و شیر را بهبود میبخشند. تاننهای متراکم برای کنترل نفخ مرتعی و به عنوان یک راهکار ضد انگلی برای کنترل نماتودهای دستگاه گوارش نیز شناخته شده هستند. به صورت کلی استفاده از تانن به عواملی مانند ساختار شیمیایی، غلظت و گونه حیوانی بستگی دارد. مدیریت دقیق دوز (غلظتهای کم تا متوسط) و استفاده از عوامل خنثیکننده مانند پلیاتیلن گلیکول (PEG) میتواند اثرات مفید این ترکیبات را به حداکثر رسانده و خطرات آنها را به حداقل برساند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| استخراج تانن؛ پروتئین عبوری؛ تاننها؛ متان؛ نشخوارکنندگان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Tannins in ruminant nutrition: An opportunity to improve protein efficiency and reduce methane emissions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sasan Ghamari1؛ Farhang Fatehi2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tannins are a heterogeneous group of plant secondary polyphenolic compounds widely found in various feed resources. Historically, tannins were regarded primarily as anti-nutritional factors due to their ability to precipitate macromolecules such as proteins, leading to reduced feed intake and impaired animal performance. However, recent research has revised this perspective. Recognition that low to moderate concentrations of tannins (depending on the source) can enhance feed nutritive value, product quality, and environmental sustainability has increased interest in their use. Condensed tannins form tannin–protein complexes in the neutral pH of the rumen, which are resistant to microbial degradation. This mechanism protects dietary protein from excessive ruminal breakdown and increases the flow of rumen‐undegradable protein (RUP) to the small intestine, thereby improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.In addition, tannins offer substantial environmental benefits: they reduce methane (CH₄) production from ruminants and shift nitrogen excretion from urine to feces, thereby improving overall nitrogen retention and reducing nitrogen losses. Tannins also modulate ruminal fat biohydrogenation, increasing the passage of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids such as CLA and vaccenic acid to the intestine, ultimately improving meat and milk quality. Condensed tannins are also recognized for their role in controlling pasture bloat and serving as a natural anthelmintic strategy against gastrointestinal nematodes. Overall, the effectiveness of tannins depends on factors such as their chemical structure, concentration, and the animal species. Careful dose management (low to moderate inclusion levels) and the use of neutralizing agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) can maximize the beneficial effects of tannins while minimizing potential risks. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| By pass protein, Methane, Ruminants, Tannins, Tannin extraction | ||
| مراجع | ||
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