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سیر تحول ساختمانهای فلزی در ایران | ||
| نشریه دانشکده فنی | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 34، شماره 0 - شماره پیاپی 1000202، فروردین 1355 اصل مقاله (202.23 K) | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| دکتر محمد حسین کاشانی ثابت* | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به مناسبت روزهای فولاد در فرانسه یک سلسله سخنرانی به زبان انگلیسی با ارائه فیلم در روزهای سه شنبه و چهارشنبه 14 و 15 بهمن ساعت 4 بعدازظهر در محل سندیکای شرکت های ساختمانی در تهران ایراد گردید این سخنرانیهای به وسیله دفتر فنی کاربرد فولاد که یک سازمان فرانسوی است با همکاری سندیکای صادرات ساختمان فلزی فرانسه (SYCOMEX) و مرکز اطلاعات فنی و صنعتی فرانسه در ایران ترتیب داده شده بود . ریاست جلسه و گشایش آن با جناب آقای مهندس ابوالحسن بهنیا استاد بازنشسته دانشکده فنی و مدیر عامل سابق بانک رهنی ایران بود و اشخاص زیر به ترتیب سخنرانی کردند : -آقای NORDBERG مدیر روابط خارجی O.T.U.A. -دکتر کاشانی ثابت استاد دانشکده فنی دانشگاه تهران -آقای FORESTIER مشاور فنی O.T.U.A. - آقای SCHIDLOWSKY مهندس معمار -آقای TROGNON مدیر ساختمان BESSON-SAINT QUENTINOISE -آقای GAILLON مدیر فنی S.N.C.I. -آقای Roret مدیر C,F,E.M. و در آخر جلسات سوالاتی از طرف حضار مطرح گردید که به وسیله سخنرانان پاسخ گفته شد . جنای آقای رئیس حضار محترم ، جناب آقای مهندس جفرودی استاد دانشگاه و مدیرعامل سندیکای شرکتهای ساختمانی از اینجانب تقاضا فرمودند که به عنوان مقدمه ای کوتاه درباره سر تحول ساختمانهای فلزی در ایران مطالبی بیان کنم . با توجه به زمان اندکی که داشتم و باالتفات به اینکه منابع مدون در این خصوص در دسترس نبود بررسی کافی میسر نشد لامحاله اینک به طور ایجاز و با یک دید کلی مطالب زیر باستحضار حضار محترم میرسد : برای بررسی این موضوع از لحاظ تاریخی باید زمان را به دو دوره مجزا تقسیم کرد : 1- کاربرد فلز در ساختمانها قبل از سلطنت اعلیحضرت رضا شاه کبیر 2- کاربرد فلز در ساختمانها در دوره سلطنت خاندان جلیل پهلوی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Lecture Given by Dr. M.H. Kashani-Sabet, Prof. of Technical Faculty of Tehran University, on the Occasion of a Series of Lectures for the days of "French Steel". | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| "The Evolution of Metallic Constructions in IRAN" Prof. Djafroodi, the Managing Director of the Syndicate of the Iranian Construction Companies, has requested me to give a short lecture on the "Evolution of Metallic Constructions in Iran". Because of the limited time that I have had and the lack of any published references, I did not have an opportunity to study the subject thoroughly; therefore a general view of this technical matter is taken into consideration. In order to examine historically this subject, we have to distinguish two separate periods. as follows: I - The Application of metals before the Dynasty of His Imperial Majesty, Reza Shah the Great, II - The Application of metals during the Pahlavi Dynasty. I - The Application of Metals Before the Pahlavi Dynasty. From the existing evidences it appears that, in this period of time, the buildings were generally made of traditional materials such as bricks, or stones and we observe that, in the older days, these materials were used in primitive forms in bridges, tombs, minarets and domes. In this period, even in developed countries the theory of welding was not clearly established and the skill of the welders was not adequate to use the steel as much as it is used today. So, not making use of steel in Iran is natural and understandable. Besides, in that time, the development of the country was quite limited; therefore these materials were quite sufficient for the civil engineering projects. Since, the Iranians were aware of using the materials in best shapes, naturally they did not need to use metals. The stress analysis that has been done on some ancient monuments shows that, those who had built these beautiful structures with optimum dimensions, had a natural comprehension of forces distribution inside of the structures; whereas the science of strength of materials was neither discovered nor edited in that time, since the strength of materials was originated from Leonardo da vinci and Galilee in the late part of 15th century. For the above reasons, the application of the metals in this period of time was quite limited, and it was eventually used as tie rods of arches and in columns. II - The Application of Metals During the Pahlavi Dynasty. When His Imperial Majesty, Reza - Shah the Great became the king of Iran, because of economic and technical development of the country and the construction of factories and rail roads, numerous structures were built, either in metal or in reinforced concrete, by some foreign companies. In many bridges, silos, sugar factories, pile foundations and sheet piling of harbour structures, the roofs of airports and hangars, the steel was used. It is evident that in this scale of technical activities, the traditional materials could not be sufficient, especially that the big projects should be achieved in a short time. Therefore, the usage of steel in Iran became prevalent. But still the application of steel frame did not strart until fifteen years ago, during the sovereignty of His Imperial Majesty, the Shahinshah Aria - Mehr, Before this time, the designers used mixed skeletons, namely, the columns were generally made of reinforced concrete or brick and the roofs were made of steel I - beams connected to each other by small brick arches. In important cases, the roofs or the whole buildings were made of rein forced concrete. Nevertheless the application of steel frames begun 15 years ago. They are made either in fields or in workshops by skillful specialists, then they will be carefully erected in their place. These frames enjoy somehow the advantages of prefabrication. Because of big projects which are spread all over the country, there exist now some qualified firms and workshops for constructing such frames, under the direction of experienced specialists. But a considerable number of steel users are not competent enough. Nevertheless, the application of steel in bridges is so widely used | ||
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