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بررسی میکرو امولسیونهای هیدرو کربوری | ||
| نشریه دانشکده فنی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 48، شماره 0 - شماره پیاپی 1000208، دی 1366 اصل مقاله (242.71 K) | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| داوود حیر خواه* | ||
| چکیده | ||
| میکروامولسیونها که توانایی زیادی برای جابجا کردن نفت در مخازن دارند و بازدهی را محسوسا افزایش می دهند ، از اهمیت زیادی در بهره برداری مجدد از مخازن نفت برخوردارند. در طی این تحقیق ، میکروامولسیونهای مختلفی از نفت خام و دیگر مواد هیدروکربوری ( همراه با الکل و مواد فعال کننده سطحی ) مطالعه شده و مشخصات آنها به ویژه گرانروی بررسی شده است.نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که : طول زنجیر ملکول98989908 ، عامل اساسی د رایجاد میکروامولوسیون است.میکروامولسیونها در دماهای بالا غیر نیوتونی عمل می کنند و پایداری خود را از دست می دهند . گرانروی میکروامولسیونهای "آب در نفت " با افزایش آب ، افزایش می یابد ، به نقطه ماکزیممی می رسد وپس از تغییر نوع میکروامولسیون شروع به کاهش می کند. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| HYDROCARBON MICELLAR SOLUTIONS | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Emulsion Technology has now come to pervade a wide range of industries and emulsions are formulated to suit a gamut of physical, chemical and biological requirements. Two very distinct classes of emulsions exist: (a) macroemulsions (b) microemulsions. The fundamental difference between these two types of emulsions is due to their relative stability , toward phase separation and size of the disperse phase droplets. Microemulsions have received remarkable attention in oil industry as the means for developing a new recovery process. The recovery process utilizes the unique properties of microemulsions. Micellar solutions satisfy requirements for the slug of a miscible water flood process. These solutions which displace most of the oil in the reservoir, are constituted of oil, water and surfactant. They may also contain small amounts of electrolytes and co - surfactants such as alcohols. The objectives of the present work were : 1. To prepare different types of microemulsions from crude column overheads and crude oil. 2. To investigate the properties of the microemulsions, mainly their viscosities during phase inversion. Transparent microemulsions were made from hexadecane, kerosene and white oil, using anionic and nonionic surfactants, sodium and potasium oleate and n-octyl alcohol. Two of the systems were of o/w type miaroemulsions and were formed with white oil and kerosene. Chain length of the alcohol was controlling factor in preparation of the microemulsions. Alcohol chain should be lengthened while an oil with longer chain is used. Both macro and microemulsions were made with crude oil. At 20 C most of the microemulsions behaved Newtonian, while at higher temperatures they tend to follow non- Newtonian, fluids. Crude oil emulsions were non-Newtonian at all of the tested temperatures. Microemulsions were very temperature dependent and phase separation was observed both at higher and lower temperature than that they were made at. Only system 5 tolerated these temperature variations without revealing any phase separation. Viscosity of the microemulsion decreased with increase in temperature. System 3 was an exception. The result might be attributed to the phase sepa- 1 ration of the system. Increase in water content of the W/O microemulsions caused increase in the viscosity of the system. The maximum viscosity was reached a t the point of the inversion of W/O emulsion into o/w emulsion. For the microemulsion with white o i l , the Phase inversion occured a t about 70 per cent water by volume, which was in close agreement with O s t - wald's theory. In both systems fluids started to behave like Newtonian fluids. Increase in water content was accompanied by non-Newtonian behaviors of the system. Plots of shear stress versus shear rate for the systems showed that the shapes of the curves changes around the inversion point. | ||
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