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سنجش و بررسی سطح توسعه بازار کار مناطق روستایی استان‌های کشور طی برنامه چهارم توسعه | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 11 - شماره پیاپی 1225711، آذر 1391، صفحه 89-112 اصل مقاله (1.66 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2012.29222 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدعلی فیض پور1؛ گلسا صالحی فیروزآبادی2 | ||
| 1عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه تهران مرکز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از دلایلی که برای تبیین مهاجرت از مناطق روستایی به مناطق شهری و به‌خصوص در مراحل گذار اقتصادی در کشورهای درحال توسعه ارائه گردیده، دستیابی به شغل و شغل بهتر است. این موضوع بر اساس داده‌های اقتصاد ایران نیز مصداق دارد و با مدل‌های ارائه‌شده برای مهاجرت و به‌ویژه مدل هریس و تودارو، که دلیل عمده مهاجرت از روستا را دستیابی به شغل بهتر و درنتیجه درآمد انتظاری بالاتر در مناطق شهری می‌داند، تطابق دارد. بر این اساس، تفاوت سطح توسعه بازار کار در مناطق روستایی نسبت به مناطق شهری و روند تغییرات آن می‌تواند شاخصی از روند و شدت مهاجرت بین این مناطق را به دست دهد و از این‌رو، شناخت و رتبه‌بندی مناطق روستایی از حیث توسعه بازار کار اهمیت می‌یابد. تعیین و بررسی سطح توسعه بازار کار مناطق روستایی به تفکیک استان‌های کشور، هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر را تشکیل می‌دهد. برای تعیین سطح توسعه بازار کار مناطق روستایی، از چهار شاخص اساسی نرخ بیکاری، سهم جمعیت دارای اشتغال ناقص، سهم اشتغال در بخش خصوصی و سهم اشتغال در بخش صنعت استفاده گردیده و برای تلفیق آنها از روش‌های تحلیل چندمتغیرة تحلیل عاملی و برترین پیشنهاد از راه‌حل ایده‌آل (TOPSIS) در دوره زمانی برنامه چهارم توسعه استفاده شده است. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سطح توسعه بازار کار مناطق روستایی استان‌ها در طول برنامه چهارم توسعه تغییر چندانی نیافته و این درحالی است که همان تغییرات اندک در میزان توسعه‌یافتگی مناطق نیز به روش تعیین آن بستگی داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توسعه بازار کار؛ روش تاپسیس؛ روش تحلیل عاملی؛ شاخص‌های بازار کار؛ مناطق روستایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Labor Market Development in Rural Areas of Iran during the Fourth Development Plan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohammadali feyzpoor1؛ golsa salehi firooz abadi2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Although based on the development literature, achieving sustainable development is one of the most important aims of many developed as well as developing countries, institutional experts argue that development of various institutions could be the base point in these countries. Labor market, one of the most important institutions, with a comprehensive look at this market and the geographical characteristics of each country, is separable in both rural and urban sectors. In this regard, to achieve sustainable development in any country, focus on its regional development is necessary. Furthermore, access to better jobs is amongst the reasons of migration through rural areas into urban areas, especially in economic transition phase in developing countries. This subject is confirmed based on Iran’s economic data and is in concord with presented models for migration, particularly Harris-Todaro Model which assumes that the significant reason for migration from rural areas is to achieve a better occupation and higher revenue in urban areas. Therefore, the distinction between the level of development in labor market in rural and urban areas and its changing process can be considered as a manifestation of the process and of the rise of migration among these areas; therefore, identifying and ranking the development of rural areas and finding its indices, as well as ranking methods should be taken into considerable account from the viewpoint of the labor market. Contrary to several studies on rural development and labor market development (Bosanquet and Doeringer (1973), Piore (1980), Saint-Paul (1996), Mitra and Sambamoorthi (2000), Mitra, and Sambamoorthi (2000), Zhang, et al. (2004), Laszlo (2008), etc.), this study has investigated labor market development in rural areas with a distinct look and this is also due to special factors (unemployment rate, defective employment rate, employment share in private and industrial sectors) and methods (Factor analysis and TOPSIS) that have been used. Methodology For review and analysis of labor market development, identifying the market development indicators is essential and the Statistics Center of Iran (SCI), since the beginning of the Fourth Development Plan (2004), was the operator of the collection of statistics of the annual and seasonal labor force for the whole country and provinces in urban and rural areas. Hence, in this paper, data from the five-year plan, published in the reported results of labor market statistics for rural areas’ labor market development in Iran have been used. However, multiplicity of these indices and the fact that these indicators don’t necessarily have the same weight in labor market development, have led to neglect of indicators with high correlation that overlap in the first step and finding a weighing method for them in the next step. Therefore, in this study, the coefficients were calculated among the indicators and as a result, only four labor market indicators were selected out of 13 (unemployment rate, defective employment rate, employment share in private and industrial sectors). Factor analysis and TOPSIS with the Shannon entropy have also been used for weighing and combining these indices. Results Although the results of both methods (factor analysis and TOPSIS) were comparable to a large extent, it seems that the TOPSIS method has more advantages (mostly because of the ability of using weighed index), and therefore the results of this method are more acceptable. Conclusion With emphasis on the results of this method, the results of this study indicate that the rural labor market development in most provinces has not improved at the end of the plan in comparison to the beginning. Accordingly with this process, improvement in situation of economic, social and cultural rural areas cannot be expected. At the next stage, this could be transferred in various forms, such as migration from rural to urban areas, to urban areas as well. On this basis, considering labor market in rural areas and efforts to reduce regional differences are essential. With emphasis on the results of this method, the results of this study indicate that the rural labor market development in most provinces has not improved at the end of the plan in comparison to the beginning. Accordingly with this process, improvement in situation of economic, social and cultural rural areas cannot be expected. At the next stage, this could be transferred in various forms, such as migration from rural to urban areas, to urban areas as well. On this basis, considering labor market in rural areas and efforts to reduce regional differences are essential. With emphasis on the results of this method, the results of this study indicate that the rural labor market development in most provinces has not improved at the end of the plan in comparison to the beginning. Accordingly with this process, improvement in situation of economic, social and cultural rural areas cannot be expected. At the next stage, this could be transferred in various forms, such as migration from rural to urban areas, to urban areas as well. On this basis, considering labor market in rural areas and efforts to reduce regional differences are essential. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Factor analysis method, Labor Market Development, Labor Market indicator, Rural Areas, TOPSIS method | ||
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