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برآورد ارزش تفرجی پارک جمشیدیه تهران با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 39، شماره 2، شهریور 1392، صفحه 25-32 اصل مقاله (185.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2013.35411 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اعظم رضایی* 1؛ نجمه نخعی2؛ شهرام محمدزاده3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکترای ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس و مربی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ماکو، گروه کشاورزی، ماکو، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تعیین ارزش واقعی منابع زیست محیطی به دلیل عملکرد و خدمات زیست محیطی و مدیریت بهینة آنها موضوعی مهم تلقی می‌شود. اخیراً اقتصاددانان به نقش منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست در رفاه انسان‌ها پی برده‌اند و تلاش‌های زیادی برای ارزشگذاری کالاها و خدمات زیست‌محیطی انجام داده‌اند. در همین راستا این مطالعه به تعیین ارزش‌های تفرجی پارک جمشیدیه تهران و اندازه‌گیری میزان تمایل به پرداخت افراد برای بازدید از این پارک با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط با استفاده از مدل لوجیت و پرسشنامه انتخاب دو بخشی دو بعدی پرداخته است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل 210 پرسشنامه از بازدیدکنندگان پارک جمشیدیه در سال 1390 جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که متوسط تمایل به پرداخت افراد به ازای هر بازدید 23448 ریال است. همچنین ارزش تفریحی پارک برای هر هکتار 9/203 میلیون ریال و متوسط ارزش تفریحی سالانه هر خانواده برای بازدید از پارک جمشیدیه، تقریباً 844 هزار ریال برآورد شد. همچنین نتایج نشان دهندة آن است که حدود 86% از بازدیدکنندگان پارک جمشیدیه حاضر بودند مبلغی از درآمد ماهانه خود را به ورودیه پارک اختصاص دهند که نشان‌دهنده آگاهی مناسب شهروندان تهرانی از اهمیت پارک‌ها و فضای سبز و ارزش بالای محیط زیست در تهران به دلیل تراکم جمعیت، پایین بودن سرانه فضای سبز و آلودگی هواست. این امر برای سیاستگزاران و برنامه ریزان توجیحی فراهم می‌کند تا از کیفیت پارک‌ها حمایت کرده و از زوال این منابع جلوگیری کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزش تفریحی؛ پارک جمشیدیه؛ ارزشگذاری مشروط؛ تمایل به پرداخت؛ مدل لاجیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Determination of Recreation Values of Jamshidieh Park in Tehran by Using Contingent Valuation Method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Azam Rezaee1؛ Najmeh Nakhaei2؛ Shahram Mohammadzadeh3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate, Natural Resource Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran-Iran | ||
| 2B.Sc. Graduate, Agricultural Economics, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran-Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. Candidate, Agricultural Education and Extension, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) & Instructor Department of agriculture, Maku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maku-Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Nowadays, the main environmental economy subject, which is almost publicly accepted, is the fact that the environment is inseparable from the economy and any changes in one may affect directly the other one. In other words, no economic decision is made without influencing the natural and artificial environment and no environmental change occurs without economic influences. United States and Europe countries focus on CV method to determination of recreation values. Lee has determined recreation values of South Korea national park 10.54$ per year. Applying CVM, calculated the recreation values of ecosystem service 67.44 $ per year of family for Bursa State in Turkey. Baral et al (2008) determined recreation value by using CV. Given this backdrop, the main purpose of this research is the determination of recreation values of Jamshidieh Park in Tehran by Using Contingent Valuation Method and SHAZAM software on 2011. Partial goals are including: 1- Determination of Demographic characteristics of Jamshidieh Park visitors. 2- Determination of effective Factors on willingness to pay for Jamshidieh park visitors. 3-Determination of recreation values of Jamshidieh Park and estimation of WTP as Park admission fee. Materials and methods This research employed CVM, which has been commonly used as one of the standard approaches to measure the economic values of non-market goods, such as recreation resources, wildlife, and environmental quality goods. The CVM relies on the stated intentions of individuals’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for recreation resources or activities, contingent on hypothetical changes in the quantity or quality of environmental amenity. In the other words, the CVM basically attempts to ascertain from respondents what they would be willing to pay under certain hypothetical market scenarios. The target population was Jamshidieh Park visitors that they had revenue and could decide about payment of admission fee. A complete random sampling method was used and sample size was determined by means of Cokran formula to be 210 Jamshidieh Park visitors. This research used a survey design and face to face interview technique as means of data collection. The questionnaire was designed in two sections consisting of: A) personal variables, socioeconomic characteristics respondents such as age, gender, occupation, education level, marital status, family size, house status and monthly income; B) visitor’s willingness to pay for recreation values of Jamshidieh Park by means of Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice Technique. A multilevel binary response model with multiple responses is fitted, allowing inclusion of a "yes/no" WTP question not associated with a particular bid level in the statistical model. Further, issues concerning potential biases within the DC framework can be examined directly using such an approach. Independent variable for determination of recreation value is accepting probability of a suggested admission fee for recreation. It is assumed that the individual will accept a suggested admission fee for recreation, to maximize his or her utility under the following condition. (1) Here, U is the indirect utility; INC is income, BID is an offer (admission fee), S is other socio-economic characteristics affecting individual preference, and and are the identically, independently distributed random variables with zero means. The utility difference (du) can be described as follows: (2) Double-bounded questionnaire structure in studying the WTP of individuals has a dependent variable with dual selection. Hence, Logit model for studying the effect of different descriptive variables on the amount of WTP of visitors was used to determine the recreation value. Logit model parameters were estimated by Maximum Likelihood Model (MLE). Hence, E (WTP) is expressed as relation 3: (3) E (WTP) is the expected value of WTP and is the adjusted intercept which was added by the socio-economic term to the original intercept term of . Results and discussion In order to estimate the recreational value of Jamshidieh Park, some questionnaires were chosen in which the respondents had monthly independent income. Therefore, 200 of the total distributed questionnaires were selected and analyzed. In fact, the respondents were asked about the cost they were willing to pay for the Recreational Value of Jamshidieh Park from their monthly income. About 88% of the respondents are male and 75% are married. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristic is depicted in table (1). Table 2: respondent socio-economic characteristic (n=200) Variable Mean Standard deviation Min Max Age 36.46 12.76 18 71 Monthly expenses (RLS) 6279000 4222811 3000000 25000000 Number of park visit (per year) 7.9 5.06 1 50 park visit duration 2.64 1.02 1 6 Family size 2.98 1.61 1 7 As depicted in table (2), 124 individuals (62%) did not accept the first offer and they were not willing to pay 10000 RLS for each member of their family for entrance fee and using the Recreational Value of the Jamshidieh Park from their monthly income. 76 individuals (38%) accepted. When the lower price (7000 RLS) was offered, 36 individuals (18%) didn’t accept the second offer and asked for a lower price. However, 88 individuals (44%) accepted it. Table 3: Response status to proposed price for jamshidieh park recreational value (n=200) Acceptance status First proposed price (10000 RLS) Second proposed price (7000 RLS) Third proposed price (20000 RLS) Acceptance of proposed price number 76 88 36 percent 38 44 18 Reject of proposed price number 124 36 40 percent 62 18 20 Total number 200 124 76 percent 100 62 38 Results of the Logit Model for the Recreational Value of Jamshidieh Park are available in Table (3). According to the results, the variables of proposed price, marital status, hostile status, the duration of each use, the number of members of families affect the probability of acceptance of proposed price for the recreational value of Jamshidieh Park. The estimated coefficient of the offer factor which is the most important distribution factor of the probable WTP for the recreational value has become statistically meaningful at 5% level with the expected minus sign. This shows that under the scenario of the assumed market, increase in the offered price will lead to decrease in the probability of “yes” in WTP. The estimated income coefficient in the Recreational Value has become statistically meaningful at the level of 5% and the sign was plus as expected which shows that the probability of “yes” in WTP increases with the rise in income. The coefficient of size of the household has become meaningful with a minus sign at the level of 5%. The minus sign shows that the larger the size of the household the more likely the answer “yes” in WTP. Table 1:The results of the Logit Model for the Recreational Value of Jamshidieh Park Variable coefficients T Statistic Change in probability Marginal effect Age -0.022 -0.64 -0.39 -0.0055 Sexuality 0.42 0.53 0.18 0.1 Marital status 2.8 2.78** 0.97 0.67 park visit duration 0.000000043 0.57 0.13 0.00000001 House status 0.97 1.68* 0.31 0.24 Number of park visit (per year) -0.035 -1.033 -0.13 -0.009 Monthly income 0.000006 4.3** 0.92 0.000042 size of the household -0.39 -2.15** -0.8 -0.14 Proposed price -0.0016 -2.93** -1.05 -0.00004 constant -2.77 -1.66 -1.34 - Log- Likelihood Function = -47.32 Likelihood Ratio Statistic = 43.97 Probability (L/R/ Statistic) = 0. 0000 Percentage of Right Predictions = 78.24 CRAGG-UHLER R2 = 0.47 Estimating the parameters of the Logit Model, the average of expected WTP which is equal to the Recreational Value of the Jamshidieh Park was estimated 23448 RLS for each visitor annually: If the amount of WTP for each family or visitor was clear, the Recreational Value of each hectare of Jamshidieh Park can be estimated through the following formula: (The total number of the visitors * the average of the WTP)/area = the Recreational Value of each hectare of the Jamshidieh Park. It is 203895652 RLS and the average of Recreational Value for family was 844128 RLS. Conclusion This study discussed about determination of recreation values of Jamshidieh Park and measure of individual’s willing to pay for visiting this park based on contingent valuation method and double-bounded dichotomous choice questionnaire. To investigate the effect of explanatory variables on individual’s willing to pay Logit model was used and its parameters are estimated based on the method of maximum likelihood. Results showed that proposed price variable, marital status, house status, monthly income, and size of the household affect the probability of acceptance of the proposed price. The mean of willingness to pay for recreation value of this park is RLs 23448 per visit. Also about 86% of Jamshidieh Park visitors were willing to pay for entrance fee of the park. According to the results considering the population intensity, air pollution and the importance of citizen’s happiness, the preservation of parks is considered a serious fact in Tehran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Recreation Value, Jamshidieh Park, contingent valuation, Willingness to Pay, Logit Model | ||
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