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سنجش عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان نیشابور) | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 1392، صفحه 301-326 اصل مقاله (465.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2013.35647 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا رضوانی* 1؛ حسین منصوریان2؛ حسن احمد آبادی3؛ فرشته احمد آبادی4؛ شیوا پروایی هره دشت5 | ||
| 1استاد و عضو قطب برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران | ||
| 5کارشناس ارشد برنامه‌ریزی رفاه اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| توجه به مسائل و نیازهای دوران سالمندی ضرورتی اجتماعی در جهت ارتقای کیفیت زندگی سالمندان به شمار می‌رود. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر سنجش عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در مناطق روستایی است. به همین منظور ۱۵۰ نفر (۷۲ مرد و ۷۸ زن) از سالمندان مناطق روستایی شهرستان نیشابور، به صورت نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای، انتخاب شدند و دربارۀ زندگی آن‌ها مطالعه شد. چارچوب نظری تحقیق تلفیقی از نظریات جامعهشناسی سالمندی و نظریات کیفیت زندگی است. یافتهها نشان می‌دهد حدود ۳۶ درصد سالمندان روستای مورد مطالعه کیفیت زندگی خود را خوب و بسیار خوب، ۵۵ درصد افراد کیفیت زندگی را متوسط، و حدود ۹ درصد کیفیت زندگی را بد و بسیار بد ارزیابی کرده‌اند. نتایج تحلیل عاملی دَه عامل کلیدی را برای تعیین ابعاد کیفیت ذهنی زندگی سالمندان نشان می‌دهد که این دَه عامل ۰۱۶/۷۴ درصد از کل واریانس را تبیین می‌کند. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نیز نشان می‌دهد شش عامل سرزندگی در گام اول، بهزیستی ذهنی در گام دوم، توانایی جسمی و ذهنی در گام سوم، کیفیت خدمات بهداشتی و قابلیت دسترسی به آن در گام چهارم، روابط اجتماعی در گام پنجم، و تعامل اجتماعی در گام ششم، به ترتیب میزان اهمیتی که در تبیین متغیر وابسته دارند، وارد معادلة رگرسیونی شده‌اند. در مجموع این شش عامل توانسته‌اند بیش از ۶۰ درصد تغییرات کیفیت زندگی را در ناحیۀ مورد مطالعه تبیین کنند. بنابراین، برای ارتقای کیفیت زندگی سالمندان مناطق روستایی ضرورت توجه و اقدامات عملی در حوزۀ عوامل شناسایی‌شده احساس میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سالمندان؛ شهرستان نیشابور؛ کیفیت زندگی؛ مناطق روستایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Assessment on Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Elderly in Rural Regions (Case Study: Neishabour County) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Rezvani1؛ Hossein Mansourian2؛ Hassan Ahmadadadi3؛ Fereshte Ahmadabadi4؛ Shiva Parvai Here-Dasht5 | ||
| 1Professor of Geography and Rural Planning in University of Tehran and Member of Center of Excellence in Rural Planning | ||
| 2PhD Candidate in Geography and Urban Planning - University of Tehran | ||
| 3Msc Student in Geography and Rural Planning - University of Tehran | ||
| 4Msc Student in Geography and Rural Planning - University of Tehran | ||
| 5Msc in Social Welfare Planning- University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The main challenge for health in twenty century was survival, but in the new century the life with a better quality is an important matter. Aging is an emotion period in human life and attention to needs in this period is a social necessity. Therefore, attention to the quality of life of elders is very important in the social policy. The number of the elderly is increasing across the world and Iran is not exception in this regard. Notwithstanding such an increase as a promising issue, neglecting elderliness and world population ageing can make several problems in the future. From a demographic standpoint, although the ratio of young people to the total population in Iran pinpoints a young population, drawing on the 1956 census, Iran’s population is aging. Around 6.2% of the population in 1966, 6.5% in 1976, 5.2% in 1986, 5.4% in 1996, 7.3% in 2006, and 8.3 in 2011 aged over 60 (Statistical Center of Iran, 1956-2011). It is projected that the percentage of the elderly to the total population will reach 10.5% in 2025 and surge to 21.7% in 2050. Having said this, there is no room for neglecting the needs of elderly and planning for improving the Quality Of Life (QOL) of elderly seems to be necessary. Methodology The present study elicited data using a predefined questionnaire delivered to study subjects by the researcher, and the data was then analyzed using the SPSS software. A total number of 150 elders aged 60 and over from 9 villages of the Neishabour County were selected using the Cochran formula. Study Area. In 2006, elderly represented 7.27% of the total population in Iran. This figure was 10.33% for the Khorasan-razavi province and for the Neishabour county 10.04%. According to 2006 census, the total population of elders in the Neishabour county was 39902, 16543 of whom were male and 23359 female. Breakdown of population of elders over 60 in rural and urban districts also show that the rural elders represent a high proportion of the total population in this city. The population of elders in rural regions is 21728 (54.5%), while that of urban elders is 12165 (45.5%). Findings. In the present research factor analysis was used to identify dimensions of QOL of elderly in rural regions of the Neishabour county. Factor analysis is a statistical technique which is normally exploited for extraction of non-dependent subset of reagents explaining the observed variance in a set of initial data. The reagents used in factor analysis included 36 subjective reagents which have been complied in a survey from the elderly in the studied region. The KMO coefficient as well as the Bartlett test were used for investigating the suitability of the data for factor analysis. For the present study, the KMO value equaled 0.849 and the Bartlett test enjoyed a significance level about 0.000 indicating the suitability of the data for factor analysis. The results attained from factor analysis manifested 10 key factors in determining subjective dimensions of QOL of the elderly. The 10 key factors constituted 74.016 percent of the total variance, of which the first factor was the most important with 19.250 percent of the total variance. Further, a high internal reliability which equaled 0.851 was achieved for the subjective dimensions of QOL. Discussion and Concluding Remarks Accessibility and quality of sanitary services which comprise ease of access to sanitary services, contentment with one’s access to sanitary services and benefiting from such services also exert a vital influence on QOL of the rural elderly. Rural elderly are in a good condition in terms of their access to health services yet they are deprived in terms of their benefit from such services not receiving much attention. Social factors such as intimate relations with neighbors, contentment with conditions of residence, participation in friendship groups and contentment with relations with other people also play a crucial role in QOL of the rural elderly. Furthermore, social relation networks such as contact with friends and acquaintances and profiting from their support could exert major influences on QOL of the elderly. Given the small milieu where rural elders live, their familiarity with each other, face-to-face relations, the need for teamwork as well as a sense of belonging to the place they reside, they enjoy desirable social relations which consequently augment their QOL. Social cohesion, e.g. having someone to pour their heart out for them, participation in religious and group activities is also of vital effectiveness. Social interaction among the studied elderly is relatively high given that activities in rural regions require teamwork; this teamwork leads to participation in the affairs of the team; hence, social interaction increases as a result of the aforesaid reasons. Further, grounded on the statistical results, no significant relationship could be observed between QOL and gender, age, housing status, life accompaniers, ownership of vehicles, natural position of the village as well as distance from cities. Since the majority of the elderly in the studied sample was deprived of official education and was illiterate, it is not possible to draw any conclusive conclusions on the correlation between education and QOL of the elderly in the present study. Based on the obtained statistical data, literacy is very low among the rural elderly influencing all economical, social, and cultural aspects of people’s life in the investigated area. No correlation was also found between gender and QOL given that a large number of males are employed in agriculture-animal husbandry and most females are housewife. On the other hand, there exists a significant relationship between QOL and marital status, monthly income of the elderly, as well as their income sources. References Aghanouri (2011). Investigating quality of life of elders covered by health care insurance in urban regions of Markazi Province in 2010. Iranian journal of Ageing, 6 (20) Onoughnaz, M. et al. (2005). Studying the association between social capital and quality of life. Unpublished Master of Social Sciences Thesis, Univesity of Tehran. Bond, J.; Corner, L. (2010). Quality of life and the elderly. Translated by Mohagheghi, H, Danjeh,Publication, Tehran. Panaghi, L. et al. (2009). Quality of life and the corresponding demographic features in elders of Tehran. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 12. Pahlevanzadeh, F.; Jarelahi, O. (2011). Investigating the effect of social factors on mental health of rural elders. Journal of Rural Development, 3(1). Tavakkoli Ghouchani, H.; Arman, M. (2003). Dynamic Elderliness. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Publication. Ja’fari, R. (2009). Investigating health-related quality of life in rural female elders: a case study of Pain Roud. Unpublished Master of Social Sciences Thesis, University of Tehran. Javaheri, F. et al. (2010). Evaluating the effects of women’s employment on their quality of life. Women Studies: Women in development and politics, 8 (2), 143-162. Rabbani Khorasgani, A.; Kianpour, M. (2007). A proposed model for measuring quality of life: a case study of Isfahan. Journal of Literature and Humanities, 58. Rezvani, M. Mansourian, H. (2008). Measuring quality of life: sttuding the associated concepts, indices, and models and offering a proposed model for rural regions. Rural Development Quarterly, 44 (3). Alipour, M. (2006). Investigating social problems of elders residing in senior care centers of Tehran: a case study of Kahrizak Senior Care Center. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Social Sciences. Alikhani, V. (2002). Ageing from different perspectives. Parent-Teacher Association Publication, Tehran. Ghaffari, Q.; Omidi (2008). Quality of life in Iran development planning. Social Welfare Quarterly, 30 and 31. Kaveh Firouz, Z. (2011). Investigating demographic and social structures affecting quality of life of elders in Tehran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. Kord Zangane, J. (2006). Invetigating health-related quality of life of elders and the factors affecting it: a case study of Ramhormoz, Unpublished MA thesis, University of Tehran. Statistical Center of Iran (1956-2011). Iran General Census of Population and Housing, Tehran, Statistical Center of Iran Publication. Mirzaee, M.; Shams (2007). Demography of elders in Iran based on 2006 Census. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 5, 326-331. Nejati, V.; Ashayeri, H. (2008). Health-related quality of life in elders of Kashan County. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14 (1). Niksirat, Z. (2007). Investigating quality of life of retired elders in Tehran, who are members of Retirement Association. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Elderly, Neishabour county, quality of life, Rural Regions | ||
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