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نگرش رفتاری بنگاه های کشاورزی به آلودگی محیط زیست (مطالعه موردی شهرستان های کرمانشاه و اسلام آباد غرب، ایلام و ایوان غرب) | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 1392، صفحه 429-450 اصل مقاله (389.54 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2013.35653 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره معتمدی نیا* 1؛ حسین مهدی زاده2؛ عبدالحمید پاپ زن3 | ||
| 1مدرس دانشگاه پیام نور ایلام | ||
| 2استادیار تکنولوژی آموزشی دانشگاه ایلام | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی دانشگاه رازی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه آلودگی محیط زیست به موضوعی بسیار مهم و بحث‌برانگیز تبدیل شده است. باور بیشتر صاحب‌نظران حوزة محیط زیست این است که اصلاح مشکلات زیستمحیطی تا حد زیادی در گرو اصلاح آموزههای انسان و تغییر نگرش وی به منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست است. هدف این مطالعه سنجش نگرش زیستمحیطی مالکان و مدیران بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط کشاورزی و تأثیر آن بر میزان رعایت اصول زیستمحیطی با تکیه بر تئوری رفتار برنامهریزیشده است. تحقیق حاضر، به‌لحاظ کمّی، با توجه به هدف، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و از لحاظ گردآوری دادهها از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی است. جامعة آماری تحقیق دویست و دو نفر از مالکان و مدیران بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط کشاورزی استانهای کرمانشاه و ایلام‌اند که به روش نمونهگیری طبقهای انتخاب شدند. یافتهها نشان داد محدودیت پیشرفت و امکان وقوع بحران زیستمحیطی بر میزان رعایت اصول زیستمحیطی تأثیرگذار است. افزون بر این، شرکت در دورههای آموزش زیستمحیطی تأثیری مثبت و معنادار بر میزان رعایت اصول زیستمحیطی دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آموزش زیستمحیطی؛ بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط؛ تئوری رفتار برنامهریزیشده؛ رعایت اصول زیستمحیطی؛ نگرش زیستمحیطی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Behavioral Attitude of Agricultural Enterprises to Environmental Pollution (Case Study:Kermanshah, Eslam Abad Gharb, Ilam, Ivan Gharb) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zohreh Motamediniya1؛ Hossein Mehdizade2؛ Abdolhamid Popzan3 | ||
| 1Msc Student in Rural Development and Extension – Razi University | ||
| 2Associate Professor in Department of Rural Development and Extension – Ilam University | ||
| 3Associate Professor in Department of Rural Development and Extension – Razi University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) bring a broad range of benefits beyond growth of national income, providing important opportunities for employment, and are a key source of an outlet for entrepreneurial creativity and ideas. However, it is estimated that SMEs are responsible around 60 percent of carbon dioxide emissions and 70 percent of all pollution globally. Therefore, having an examination on the behavior of companies, which is not usually pro-environmental, is essential. Hence, this paper intends to determine (i) the 5 facets of environmental attitude of SMEs’ owners and managers, (ii) the effect of 5 facets of environmental attitude on intention to pro-environmental performance, (iii) the effect of intention to pro-environmental performance on pro-environmental performance, and (iv) the effect of participating in classes of environmental education on pro-environmental performance. Methods In this paper the revised scale of New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) was used in order to determine the environmental attitude. The NEP includes 15 items; every three items focus on special facet of environmental attitude. The first facet relates to “limits to growth”, that considers limitation of demands and performance of people as a solution for environmental problems. The second facet points out anti-anthropocentrism. By the second facet, human is not dominant on his environment, and other beings have not been created for serving him. The third facet is “fragility of nature’s balance”. According to this facet, the balance of nature is a guarantor for life on the earth. The fourth facet is “rejection of exemptionalism”. By the fourth facet, human is the cause of eco-crises, therefore he must learn actions for controlling these crises. The fifth facet believes that “the possibility of an eco-crisis”. According to this facet, eco-crises shall be considered as serious threats to environment. Also for the assessment of intention to pro-environmental performance, pro-environmental performance, and participating in classes of environmental education we used a questionnaire developed in this research. The survey for this research study took place in the Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. The participants were a sample of 202 SMEs owners and managers that were selected using the stratified sampling method. Results 1. The mean of five facets of environmental attitude, environmental attitude, intention to pro-environmental performance and pro-environmental performance. The mean of limits to growth was 2.77; anti-anthropocentrism was 2.63, fragility of nature’s balance was 2.57, rejection of exemptionalism was 2.46, and the possibility of an eco-crisis was 2.78. Also the mean of environmental attitude was 2.65. In addition the mean of intention to pro-environmental performance was 3.22 that higher than 2.4. In contrast, pro-environmental performance was 2.37 which is lower than the middle value. 2. The results of correlation analysis. There was a positive and significant correlation between the 5 facets of environmental attitude and intention to pro-environmental performance. However, only the facets of fragility of nature’s balance and rejection of exemptionalism had a positive and significant correlation with pro-environmental performance. In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between intention to pro-environmental performance and pro-environmental performance. 3. The results of regression analysis. The facets of limits to growth (t=3.9, sig=0.000) and the possibility of an eco-crisis (t=2.55, sig=0.001) could explain around 19% of the variance of intention to pro-environmental performance (F=24.16, sig=0.000). In other words, limits to growth and the possibility of an eco-crisis would make a significant contribution to the regression model. However, limits to growth had a stronger preference for intention to pro-environmental performance (β=0.403). Also intention to pro-environmental performance could explain 0.07% of the variance of pro-environmental performance. In fact, the relationship between these two variables was positive. Since the average of pro-environmental performance was low (2.37), we would believe that participation in environmental education classes could improve the pro-environmental performance of SMEs owners and managers. In this respect, the correlation analysis for participating in classes of environmental education and pro-environmental performance revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between them. Also the result of multiple regression analyses of participating in classes of environmental education and intention to pro-environmental performance with pro-environmental performance showed that these two variables can explain about 12% of all variance of pro-environmental performance. Conclusion. The mean of 5 facets of environmental attitude of SMEs owners and managers was more than the middle value. Also, the mean of intention to pro-environmental performance was higher than 2.4, but the mean of pro-environmental performance for the majority of SMEs owners and managers were lower than 2.4. In addition, 19% of the variance of pro-environmental performance was explained by the facets of limits to growth and the possibility of an eco-crisis, whereas the remaining 81% of the effective factors could not be clarified. 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| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| environmental attitude, Environmental education, pro-environmental performance, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), theory of planned behavior (TPB) | ||
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