پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,115,074 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,218,946 |
تأثیر جنگلکاری با گونههای سریعالرشد غیربومی بر تنوع گیاهیِ زیراشکوب (مطالعة موردی: پارک جنگلی گهر دورود در استان لرستان) | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 66، شماره 4، اسفند 1392، صفحه 441-452 اصل مقاله (328.47 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfwp.2014.36660 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بابک پیله ور* 1؛ معصومه متین کیا2؛ غلامحسن ویسکرمی3؛ حمیدرضا متین فر4 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد رشتة جنگلداری، دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری بیوسیستماتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة زیستشناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جنگلکاریها از طریق تأثیر بر ویژگیهای خاک و سایة ناشی از تاج پوشش میتوانند تأثیر مثبت یا منفی بر تنوع گیاهان زیراشکوب داشته باشند. در این مطالعه، تأثیرات جنگلکاری با گونة کاج بروسیا بر تنوع گیاهی زیراشکوب بررسی شد. بدین‌منظور، در شکل زمین یکسان با استفاده از قطعات نمونة 400 متر مربعی حاوی 5 قطعه‌نمونة 4 متر مربعی در مرکز و چهار گوشة آن، از تنوع گیاهی و خاک در سه افق 0ـ10، 10ـ20، و 20ـ30 سانتیمتری در سه تیپ جنگلکاری خالص کاج بروسیا، آمیختة اقاقیا و کاج بروسیا، اقاقیای خالص، و تودة جنگلی طبیعی بلوط ایرانی، بهعنوان شاهد، نمونهبرداری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان غنا در تیپ جنگلکاری کاج بروسیا، آمیختة اقاقیا و بروسیا، اقاقیا، و تودة بلوط ایرانی به‌ترتیب برابر 16، 30، 31، و 34 گونه بوده است. کمترین میزان تشابه بر‌اساس شاخصهای سورنسون و جاکارد بین تیپ جنگلکاری بروسیا با بلوط، و بیشترین تشابه بین جنگلکاری اقاقیا با جنگلکاری آمیختة اقاقیاـ‌بروسیا وجود داشت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار شاخص غالبیت گونهای سیمپسون به‌ترتیب در تیپ بروسیا و در تودة بلوط، و بیشترین و کمترین میزان تنوع و تعداد گونۀ اندمیک در تودة بلوط (شش گونه) و در تیپ بروسیا (یک گونه) مشاهده شد. با توجه به تغییرات محدود در برخی عناصر خاک در افق 0ـ10، تغییرات در تنوع گیاهان زیراشکوب را میتوان علاوه بر خاک، ناشی از تاج پوشش سنگین گونة کاج بروسیا و اثر سایة آن دانست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقاقیا؛ بلوط ایرانی؛ تنوع زیستی؛ جنگلکاری؛ کاج بروسیا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Reforestation by Exotic Fast Growing Species on Understory Plants Diversity; Case Study: Gahar Forest Park, Doroud, Lorestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Babak Pilehvar1؛ Masoome Matinkia2؛ Gholamhasan Veiskarami3؛ Hamid Reza Matinfar4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2M.Sc. Graduate, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, I.R. Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. Student of Plant biosystematic, Faculty of Biology, Tehran University, Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, I.R. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Plantations can effect on understory plants by changing in soil components or by shade effects of canopy cover positively or negatively. This study aimed to investigate effects of reforestation by exotic fast growing trees on understory plants diversity. Three plantation stands, Turkish red pine stand, black locust stand, and mixed stand of Turkish red pine and black locust, and a natural Iranian Oak stand were sampled. In order to measure plants diversity, sampling was performed in the same physiographic landform, using 400 m2 main plots composed of 5, 4 m2 subplots in center and corners of main plot. Soils were sampled in three 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm horizons. Results showed that species richness in Turkish red pine, black locust stand, and mixed stand of Turkish red pine and black locust, and Iranian Oak stand were 16 – 30 – 31- and 34 respectively. Sorenson and Jaccard similarity indices showed the most similarity between black locust stand, and mixed stand of Turkish red pine and black locust, and least similarity between Iranian Oak stand and Turkish red pine stand. Maximum and minimum value of Simpson dominance index was seen in Turkish red pine stand and Iranian Oak stand respectively. Iranian Oak stand with six species had the most endemic ground flora species and Turkish red pine with one species had the least. Respect to trivial changes in soil properties, in addition to soil changes effects, changes in species diversity may relate to heavy canopy cover and shade effects of it. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biodiversity, Black locust, Iranian Oak, plantation, Turkish red pine | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. Burton, P.J., Baliskyl, A.C., Coward, L.P., Cumming S.G., and Neeshaw, D.D. (1992).The value of managing for biodiversity. The Forestry Chronicle, 68 (2): 225-237.
[2]. Crow, T.R. (1989). Biological diversity and silvicultural systems. Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop: Silvicultural Challenges, 180-184.
[3]. Hunter, M. (1990). Wildlife, forest and forestry: principles of managing for biological diversity. Prentice Hill, Engelwood CliVs, New Jersey, 370pp.
[4]. Moore, SE., and Allen, HL. (1999). Plantation Forestry. In: Hunter ML Jr (ed) Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 400–433.
[5]. Torras, O., and Sayra, S. (2008(. Effects of silvicultural treatments on forest biodiversity indicators in the Mediterranean. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 3322–3330.
[6]. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends. Findings of the condition and trends working group. In: Hassan, R., Scholes, R., Ash, N. (eds) Millenium ecosystem assessment series. Island Press, Washington.
[7]. FAO. (2006). Global forests resource assessment 2005: progress towards sustainable forest management. Report No. 147, FAO, Rome.
[8]. FAO. (2007). The State of the World’s Forests. ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009. FAO, Rome, Italy.
[9]. Jobidon, R., Cyr, G., and Thiffault, N. (2004). Plant species diversity and composition along an experimental gradient of northern hardwood abundance in Picea mariana plantations. Forest Ecology and Managmant, 198(1-3): 209-221.
[10]. Alfredsson, H., Condron, L.M., Clarholm, M., and Davis, M.R. (1998). Changes in soil acidity and organic matter following the establishment of conifers on former grassland in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Managmant, 112 (3): 245-252.
[11]. Farley, K.A., Kelly, E.F., and Hofstede, R.G.M. (2004). Soil organic carbon and water retention following conversion of grasslands to pine plantations in the Ecuadorian Andes. Ecosystems 7:729–739.
[12]. Jobbagy, E.J., and Jackson, R.B. (2004). The uplift of soil nutrients by plants: Biogeochemical consequences across scales. Ecology, 85(9): 2380-2389.
[13]. Fahy, O., and Gormally, M. (1998). A comparison of plant and carabid beetle communities in Irish oak woodland with a nearby conifer plantation and clearfelled site. Forest Ecology and Management, 110:263–273.
[14]. Ferris, R., Peace, A.J., Humphrey, J.W., and Broome, A.C. (2000). Relationships between vegetation, site type and stand structure in coniferous plantations in Britain. Forest Ecology and Management, 136: 35–51.
[15]. Brockerhoff, E.G., Jactel, H., Parrotta, J.A., Quine, C.P., and Sayer, J. (2008). Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity? Biodiversity Conservation, 17:925–951.
[16]. Barlow, J., Gardner, T.A., Araujo, I.S., Avila-Pires, T.C., Bonaldo, A.B., Costa, J.E., Esposito, M.C., Ferreira, L.V., Hawes, J., Hernandez, MIM., Hoogmoed, M.S., Leite, R.N., Lo-Man-Hung, N.F., Malcolm, J.R., Martins, M.B., Mestre, L.A.M., Miranda-Santos, R., Nunes-Gutjahr, A.L., Overal, W.L., Parry, L., Peters, S.L., Ribeiro-Junior, M.A., daSilva, M.N.F., da Silva Motta, C., and Peres, C.A. (2007). Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104:18555–18560.
[17]. Ghelichnia, H. (2003). A Comparison of species diversity and ground flora abundance in coniferous plantation and natural broad leaves stands in Lajim Mazandaran. Pajoohesh and sazandegi, 58: 37-41.
[18]. Ito, S., Nakayama, R. and Buckley, G.P. (2004). Effects of previous land-use on plant species diversity in semi-natural and plantation forests in a warm-temperate region in southeastern Kyushu, Japan. Forest Ecology and Managmant, 196:213-235.
[19]. Magurran, A.E. (1996). Ecological diversity and its management. Chapman and Hall.
[20]. Makino, S., Goto, H., Hasegawa, M., Okabe, K., Tanaka, H., Inoue, T., and Okochi, I. (2007). Degradation of longicornbeetle (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Disteniidae) fauna caused by conversion from broad-leaved to manmade conifer stands of Cryptomeria japonica (Taxodiaceae) in central Japan. Ecol Res, 22: 372–381.
[21]. Matthews, S., O’Connor, R., and Plantinga, A.J. (2002). Quantifying the impacts on biodiversity of policies forcarbon sequestration in forests. Ecological Economic, 40: 71–87.
[22] Memarian, F., Tabari, M., Hosaini, S.M., and Banej Shafiee, A. (2007). A comparison of biodiversity between mixed coniferous stand and mixed broad leaves stands in Kelardasht area. Mohit shenasi, 42: 103-108.
[23]. Carnus, J.M., Parrotta, J., Brockerhoff, E., Arbez, M., Jactel, H., Kremer, A., Lamb, D., O’Hara, K., and Walters, B.(2006). Planted forests and biodiversity. J. of Forestry, 104: 65–77.
[24]. Cusack, D., and Montagnini, F. (2004). The role of native species plantations in recovery of understory woody diversity in degraded pasturelands of Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Managmant, 188: 1-15.
[25] Hamphrey, J., Holl, K., and Broome, A. (1998). Birch in spruce plantations: management for biodiversity. Forestry Commission Technical Paper 26. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
[26]. Hartley, M.J. (2002). Rationale and methods for conserving biodiversity in plantation forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 155: 81–95.
[27]. Rostamabadi, A., and Tabari Koochaksaraii, M. (2009). A comparison of ground flora diversity in broad leaves and coniferous forests. Third national conference on forests.
[28]. Lindenmayer, D.B., and Hobbs, R.J. (2004). Fauna conservation in Australian plantation forests—a review. Biological Conservation, 119: 151–168.
[29]. Magura, T., Tothmeresz, B., and Bordan, Z. (2000). Effects of nature management practice on carabid assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a non-native plantation. Biological Conservation, 93: 95–102.
[30]. Raman, T.R.S. (2006). Effects of habitat structure and adjacent habitats on birds in tropical rainforest fragments and shaded plantations in the Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity Conservation, 15: 1577–1607.
[31]. Buscardo, E., Smith, G.F., Kelly, D.L., Freitas, H., Iremonger, S., Mitchell, F.J.G., O’Donoghue, S., and McKee, A.M. (2008). The early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of grasslands in Ireland. Biodiversity Conservation, 17: 1057–1072.
[32]. Akbari, D., Saneii, M., Lotfolahzade, J., Motalebi, S.H., and Hashemi, M. (2007). Utilization study of Gahar forest park. Forets and rangelands organization.
[33]. Rechinger, K. H.; (ed.), (1963-1998). Flora Iranica, No. 1-173.
[34] Davis, P.H. (1965-1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol: 1-10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
[35]. Asadi, M. (chief editor) (1988-2002). Flora of Iran. Research institute of forests and rangelands. Volumes 1-45.
[36]. Mc Keague, J.A. (1978). Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Sciences, 66-68 pp.
[37]. Barnes, B.V. (1998). Forest ecology, John Wiley and Sons. INC., 773 pp.
[38]. Allison, L.E. (1965). Organic carbon, In: Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., White, J.L., Ensminger L.E., & Clark, F.E. (Eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 1367 pp.
[39]. Moreno, G., Obrador, J.J. and Garcia, A. (2007). Impact of evergreen oaks on soil fertility and crop production in intercropped dehesas. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119: 270-280.
[40]. Jackson, M.L. (1967). Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Ph.D thesis, 320pp.
[41]. Ludwig, J.A., and Renolds, J.F. (1988). Statistical Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 337pp.
[42]. Peet, R.K. (1974). The measurement of species-diversity. In: Greig-Smith, P., 1983. Quantitative plant ecology. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. 359pp.
[43]. Pielou, E.C. (1969). An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology. Wiley/Interscience, New York. 286pp.
[44]. Hutchinson, T.F., Boerner, R.E.J., Iverson, L.R., Sutherland, S., and Sutherland, E.K. (1999). Lanscape patterns of understory composition and richness across as moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (U.S.A.) Quercus forests. Plant Ecology, 144: 177–189.
[45]. Pausas, J.G., and Austin, M.P. (2001). Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12: 153–166.
[46]. Ha¨rdtle, W., Von Oheimb, G., and Westphal, C. (2003). The effects of light and soil conditions on the species richness of the ground vegetation of deciduous forests in northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). Forest Ecology and Management, 182: 327–338.
[47]. Goldman, R.L., Goldstein, L.P., and Daily, G.C. (2008). Assessing the conservation value of a human-dominated island landscape: plant diversity in Hawaii. Biodiversity Conservation, 17: 1765–1781.
[48]. Van Wesenbeeck, B.K., van Mourik, T., Duivenvoorden, J.F., and Cleef, A.M. (2003).Strong effects of a plantion with Pinus patula on Andean Subparamo vegetion: a case study from Colombia. Biological Conservation, 114: 207-218.
[49]. Keenan, R.J., Lamb, D., Woldring, O., Irvine, A., and Jensen, R. (1997). Restoration of plant biodiversity beneath tropical tree plantations in Northern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 99: 117–131.
[50]. Paritsis, J., and Aizen, M. (2008). Effects of exotic conifer plantations on the biodiversity of understory plants, epigeal beetles and birds in Nothofagus dombeyi forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 1575–1583.
[51]. Felton, A., Knight, E., Wood, J., Zammit, C., and Lindenmayer, D. (2010). A meta-analysis of fauna and flora species richness and abundance in plantations and pasture lands. Biological Conservation, 143: 545–554.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,708 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,493 |
||