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نگاهی جدید به عوامل مؤثر بر دسترسی(مطالعۀ موردی: شیراز،محلۀ معالیآباد و ملاصدرا) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 46، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1393، صفحه 215-236 اصل مقاله (2.55 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2014.50601 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نوید سعیدی رضوانی* 1؛ حمیدرضا دانش پور2؛ امیررضا دانش پور3 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بوشهر | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دسترسی از مهمترین خصوصیات یک شهر خوب بهشمار میرود و امروزه، حل مسائل دسترسی در شهرها و بهبودبخشیدن به کیفیت آن، از اهداف عمدۀ شهرها و شهرسازی محسوب میشود. بسیار مهم است که بتوانیم قدرت انتخاب و تنوع را در دسترسی به فعالیت‌ها، منابع، اطلاعات و مکان‌های گوناگون، برای تمام اقشار جامعه فراهم کنیم. هدف از این پژوهش تعیین عوامل جدید تأثیرگذار بر دسترسی و شعاع دسترسی، به غیر از عوامل اشاره شده است که به ارائۀ تعریفی جدید از دسترسی میانجامد. همچنین فرضیهای که نویسندگان آن دنبال میکنند، این است که به نظر میرسد برخی از ویژگیهای فردی (مانند شرایط جسمی، سن، جنسیت)، وضعیت خانوادگی و عواملی چون سواد، دسترسی به اینترنت، شیوههای جدید تجارت و حضور دیگر افراد، همچنین عوامل وابستۀ مرتبط با حمل و نقل و عوامل محیطی، بر دسترسی و بهتبع آن، بر شعاع دسترسی به کاربریهای شهری تأثیرگذار است. این پژوهش با توجه به اهداف بیانشده، از نوع پژوهشهای کاربردی بوده و روش جمعآوری اطلاعات بهصورت مطالعات اسنادی است و همچنین، روشهای میدانی (پرسشنامه) و دلفی (مصاحبه با متخصصان) در این پژوهش بهکار گرفته شده است. از مهمترین نتایج این پژوهش میتوان به توجه بیشتر مردان نسبت به زنان به عامل شلوغی و حضور دیگر افراد در مکان‌های مختلف، بالاتر بودن سواد، میزان استفاده از شیوههای جدید تجارت و تأثیر عامل حضور دیگران در بین مجردان نسبت به متأهلان و همچنین عدم تفاوت در شاخصهای بیانشده، بین محلات معالیآباد و ملاصدرا اشاره کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دسترسی؛ عوامل اجتماعی؛ عوامل فردی؛ معالیآباد؛ ملاصدرا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A New Approach to the Factors Affecting Accessibility(Case Study: Shiraz, Ma'liabbad and Molasadra Neighborhoods) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Navid Saeidi Rezvani1؛ Hamidreza Daneshpour2؛ Amir Reza Daneshpour3 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin | ||
| 2M.A. Degree in Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University of Bushehr | ||
| 3M.A Degree in Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Shiraz University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Global, regional and local changes in cities are concrete and complicated totality. It is important to look at urbanity principle and basics again, because if we don't begin such critique, we can't find any solution for these urban problems in a changing turbulent world and consequently the aim of urbanism for human welfare won't be achieved. Concept of access is considered as a major scale for urbanity according to some theorists like Tom Terner and Kelvin Linch. Lich says cities are constructed for sake of symbolic reasons at first and then they are constructed because of defensive reasons. But, immediately it became clear that providing appropriate accessibility in cities is a prominence. Accessibility includes access to other people, activities, resources, services, information and places. Now it can be seen that yet accessibility is exposed to conventional counteract. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating and recognizing access concepts and its changes in the current world. In this study, authors follow the assumption that some personal characteristics such as physical status, age, gender, familial status, literacy, access to internet, new ways of trade, and attendance of other people affect access to urban utilities and consequently its extent. Methodology In current study, both analytical and descriptive methods have been used simultaneously. In theoretical viewpoints and review of preceding studies, descriptive method is used. In the next stage, analytical method has been used to approach casual relations and to recognize attachment and relations between variables and indices. In this stage, at first required data have been compiled from selected statistical population employing surveys and questionnaire and after classification and derivation, they have been investigated and analyzed consciously by one- or two-variable statistical methods using SPSS application. Statistical population of this study is all citizens of Ma'li abbad and Molasadra. By using Cochran formula and Lin table, sample mass was equals to 383 persons. For more certainty, 400 persons have been investigated. In validity study of evaluation tools, some experts have been consulted. Cronbach alpha coefficient and pre-test calculation have been used for reliability of evaluation tools. The alpha obtained from final questionnaire is 0.848 which is greater than 0.7 indicating high internal attachment of species. Results and Discussion With regard to familiarity with new methods of trade, 218 persons (57%) have little familiarity and the remaining has moderate and higher. This shows that most people are not familiar with new methods of trade including online purchases; Ebay and etc. against conventional methods such as direct referral to meet their needs. Furthermore, considering people's tendency to use new methods of trade against conventional techniques, 70% of them have little tendency and only 30% have great tendency to use new methods. In relation to the use of new methods of trade in the future by knowing this point that new methods bring about faster and more convenient access to required services and goods from all parts of the world, 71% of people have used it moderately and greatly. This indicates lack of appropriate infrastructures such as inaccessibility to high speed internet, not providing essential on-line services and low awareness of most people about privilege of using the new methods, and lack of teaching and improving these infrastructures, most of people become solicitous to use these methods. In relation to familiarity with internet, about 65% have moderate and great familiarity and 35% have little familiarity. About 53% use low-speed internet and 47% use high-speed internet and 61% below five years don't use it at all. These results in current world in which internet plays an important role in all affairs are very disappointing and weak and also indicate poor infrastructures. By conducting T-test, it has been revealed that there is no difference in accessibility between men and women by considering literacy and new methods of trade, but there is some divergences in relation to others attendance such that others attendance and crowd is more important for men compared with women. In another analysis by T-test, it is clear that there is no difference in accessibility between Ma'li abbad and Molasadra in literacy, new methods of trade and others attendance. All in all, results can be generalized. On the other hand, conducting T-test has suggested that there is a meaningful correlation between single and married citizens in regard to accessibility by considering literacy, new methods of trade and others attendance. This indicates that singles have more knowledge about accessibility than married and also use new methods of trade more than marrieds. Crowded places are more attractive for singles compared with marrieds, on the other part, others attendance is more important for singles. Finally, conducting Pearson test has shown that there is a correlation in accessibility by considering age and literacy of people. It is converse in the further and direct in the later one. Aging leads to reduction of accessibility and its extent while increasing literacy improves accessibility and its extent. Conclusion In this study, it has been made clear that personal characteristics including age, gender, employment status, marital status, education and social factors such as literacy (not education), access to internet, new methods of trade and others attendance are effective in accessibility and its extent. Therefore, we should look at accessibility and its extent with a wider view and according to new ideas in urbanity which was considered according to conventional standards and scales in urban and land use planning. Hence, considering just the distance from urban area to determine and localize utilities can no longer effective and useful. These old standards are not in accordance with existent realities in cities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| accessibility, personal characteristics, Social Characteristics, Ma'liabbad, Molasadra | ||
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