پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,996,338 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,668,615 |
مهاجـــرت و اثــرات آن بــر ساخـتار کشاورزی (مطالعۀ موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان سردشت) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 48، شماره 4، دی 1395، صفحه 645-659 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2016.52457 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شیرکو احمدی* 1؛ مرتضی توکلی2 | ||
| 1دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سردشت (ارومیه)، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، سردشت (ارومیه)، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کشاورزی یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های اقتصادی است که از جهت تولید مواد غذایی و محصولات کشاورزی صنعتی، نقش بسیار مهمی در توسعۀ اقتصادی ایفا میکند. در این راستا نقش نیروی انسانی اهمیت بسیار دارد؛ به‌طوری‌که تغییرات کمی و کیفی نیروی انسانی و سرمایۀ انسانی، به تغییرات عمده در تولید محصولات کشاورزی منجر میشود و بر بهره‌وری کشاورزی کاملاً اثرگذار است. این پژوهش، با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی است و با مطالعات اسنادی و نیز برداشت‌های میدانی و پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل 169 روستای بخش مرکزی شهرستان سردشت است که به روش خوشه‌ای مکانی و به شیوۀ تصادفی ساده، از میان آن‌ها 32 روستا به‌عنوان نمونۀ آماری انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام گرفت. مطابق نتایج، مهاجرت مهم‌ترین عامل تغییر جمعیت است که آثار آن به‌صورت تغییر ساختار شغلی در بخش کشاورزی نمایان میشود. همچنین نتایج نشان میدهد در دورۀ مورد مطالعه، میزان اشتغال در بخش کشاورزی کاهش یافته و در دیگر بخش‌های اقتصادی افزایش یافته است. نتایج آزمون تی نیز نشانگر آن است که تغییرات جمعیتی منطقه، در میان ساختارهای کشاورزی، بیشترین تأثیر را بر ساختار شغلی بخش کشاورزی ایجاد کرده است. بررسی ارتباط میان مهاجرت و نهاده‌های کشاورزی نیز نشان میدهد افزایش سرمایه، نیروی کار و سطح سواد موجب کاهش مهاجرت و افزایش سطح زیر کشت و افزایش ماشین‌آلات سبب افزایش مهاجرت میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بخش مرکزی؛ جمعیت؛ ساختار کشاورزی؛ شهرستان سردشت؛ مهاجرت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Emigration and its Effects on Agricultural Structure (Case Study: the Central Sector of Sardasht Township) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| shirko ahmadi1؛ Mortaza Tavakoli2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Agriculture is considered as one of the important sectors of economic. That in the production of food and industrial crops may play an important role in economic development. In this regard human resource is very important. So that quantitative and qualitative changes in the human resources can lead to major changes in agricultural production and it influences completely agricultural productivity. This research has done by descriptive analytical approach and according to documentary Studies and survey and field studies. The population of the research is 169 villages in central part of city Sardasht. That among them 32 villages as statistical sample was selected randomly and by spatial clustering method. And the data were analyzed by SPSS/forWin19.0 software. The results showed that migration is a major factor in population changes that has effects on changes in the structure of employment in agriculture. Also results showed that in the section under study the rate of employment in the agriculture section was reduced and in the other economic sections is increased in the under studying region. Also the results of T-test showed that population changes in the region had create the most changes on job structures of agriculture .the review between the relationship between migration and agricultural inputs showed that capital increasing, labor force and literacy causes to reduce migration and elements such as increasing the area under cultivation and machines lead to migration increase. Introduction Each country's economic status depends on the performance of economic sectors such as agriculture, industry and services. Appropriate performance is archived in light of the optimal combination of productive resources and increased productivity. One of the main causes of population change is migration. And it can create the rapid and short-term effects in the number and structure of population in addition long term changes and causes to balance and imbalance in community population structure. Human resource development is closely related to population changes. In other words migration is like double-edged sword and can improve the micro and macro levels of society if moves in the proper way otherwise has adverse impacts to society. Population changes that is measured by indexes of population growth, pure rate of migration and mortality rates whilst itself plays an important role in sustainable development it effects on process of human capital accumulation and sustainable development of agriculture by factors such as change in family income and possibility of migration and education caused by surplus income or other factors. That among these factors migration plays an important role and is very tangible. According to above material the current study is looking for this answer: Changes in the rural population, especially immigrants, what effect it will have on the agricultural sector? Methodology The kind of the current study is development studies that is using from descriptive analytic method. The review of field studies has been done through a survey research method in sample villages. The data population of the research consists of 169 villages in the villages of the central division. And in the sample volume of this research 32 villages were selected randomly and by cluster sampling method. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistics and regression coefficient were used a data analyzing. The main variables in this study are demographic changes in immigration as independent variable and agricultural components as dependent variable were tested. In this research also has used of different models to migration and employment estimates. Results and discussion According to the results the migration rate is as follows that this rate is changing from -5/68 amount for KhreAghalan village to 5/07 amount for Niskave village. According to results these villages had the most migrate sender and the most immigrant receiver respectively. So that KhreAghalan village during the study period constantly has enjoyed from reduction and descending process. The average total immigrants arrived in the village in the beginning of the period is 59/58 people that this amount has reached to 61/5 people in the years of ending period. Also coefficient of variability of the villages at the beginning of period is 0/87 percent and in the end of the period the number of entered immigrants is 0/98. The average total out-migrants in each village until the beginning of the study period is 37/37 people. That this amount has reached to 61/87 in the final years of the period. In the begging years of the period coefficient of variation is 0/87 percent and in the end of the period the number of migrants logged, is 0/98.also it can be concluded from data analyzing about agriculture that firstly increased employment in the agricultural sector in rural areas is low at the end of the period and due to expansion of services the agriculture section is lower. Second, the share of agricultural employment in the study area has been declining. Conclusion Migration as one of the variables of changes in agricultural structures has a meaningful relation with component of agricultural structure. The results indicate that migration has a significant positive effect on ownership change and 1% increase in migration can cause to 59% increase in ownership change. The relationship between mortality and employment in rural areas under studying has a significant and reverse relationship with -0/57.also according to the linear regression equation 1% increase in mortality can cause to 0/57 percent reduction in regional employment structure. Also T-test was used for both variable immigration and employment structure showed that regression coefficient is significant and its expected sign is negative As a result, there is a significant inverse relationship between these two variables. So that among the agriculture structures migration has the most effect on employment structure. The regression coefficient was calculated for it -/78 that is showing that 1% increase in migration can cause to 0/78 reduction in employment of the region. The review relationship between migration and agricultural employment showed that capital increase, manpower and literacy cause to reduce migration and increase cultivation and machines cause to increase migration. Therefore, it is suggested to prevent rural migration to urban areas, rural development process be accelerated. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "Emigration", "agricultural structure", "population", "Sardasht city", "Central part" | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
ابراهیمپور، محسن، 1382، تغییرات جمعیت روستایی ایران و رابطة آن با مؤلفه‌های توسعه در چند دهة اخیر، مجلة دانشکدة ادبیات و علوم انسانی، سال سیزدهم، شمارههای 51- 50، صص 89- 122. احمـدی، شیرکـو و توکلـی، مرتضی، 1395، ارزیابـی و سنجش وضعیت پایـداری محله‌ها در شهر سردشت، فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری – منطقه-ای، دوره 6، شماره 20، صص 170- 153. امانی، مهدی، 1380، مبانی جمعیت‌شناسی، سمت، تهران. بلالی، حمید و صادق خلیلیان، 1382، تأثیر سرمایه‌گذاری بر اشتغال‌زایی و تقاضای نیروی کار در بخش کشاورزی ایران، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه، شمارة 11، صص 117- 135. جلالیان، حمید و بهروز محمدی یگانه، 1386، تحلیل عوامل جغرافیایی مؤثر در مهاجرت‌های روستایی شهرستان زنجان از سال 1355 تا 1375، پژوهشهای جغرافیایی، شمارة 61، صص 89- 99. جمشیدی‌ها، غلامرضا و موسی عنبری، 1383، تعلقات اجتماعی و اثرات آن بر بازگشت مهاجرین افغانی، نامة علوم اجتماعی، شمارة 23، صص 43- 68. جوان، جعفر، 1383، جغرافیای جمعیت ایران، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی فردوسی مشهد، مشهد. جهانی، حمیدرضا، 1385، بررسی ارتباط مهاجرت و بهره‌وری کشاورزی در ایران، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدة کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه زابل، زابل. حکمتنیا، حسن و میرنجف موسوی، 1385، کاربرد مدل در جغرافیا با تأکید بر برنامه‌ریزی شهری و ناحیه‌ای، چاپ اول، انتشارات علم نوین، تهران. رزاقی، ابراهیم، 1380، آشنایی با اقتصاد ایران، نشرنی، تهران. رمضانیان، محمد، 1380، سالخوردگی جمعیت شاغل در بخش کشاورزی ایران، دلایل و پیامدها، فصلنامة اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه، شمارة 36، صص 207- 235. قاسمی سیانی، محمد، 1383، اثرات احداث شهرک‌های صنعتی در نواحی روستایی: مطالعة موردی شهرک صنعتی اصفهان، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران. کریمی هسنیجه، حسین و علی‌رضا عابدی، 1388، مهاجرت و تغییر در بهره‌وری بخش کشاورزی، ششمین کنفرانس اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران، انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج. مرکز آمار ایران، سردشت، 1365، 1375، 1385، 1390. مطیعی لنگرودی، سیدحسن، 1383، جغرافیای اقتصادی ایران (کشاورزی، صنعت، خدمات)، چاپ دوم، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد، مشهد. وارثی، حمیدرضا و زهتاب سروری، 1385، تحلیلی بر ارتباط متقابل توسعه، مهاجرت و شهرنشینی در ایران، مجلة جغرافیا و توسعه، شمارة 6، صص 179- 196.
Amani, M., 2001, Basics of Demography, Samt, Tehran. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, Sh., and Tavakoli, M. (2016) Evaluation And Assessment of The Sustainability of Neighborhoods in the City of Sardasht, Volume 6, Number 20, Pages 170-153. (In Persian)
Balali, H. and Khalilian, S., 2003, The Effect of Investment on Employment and Labor Demand in the Agricultural Sector Iran, Agricultural Economics and Development, No. 11, PP. 117-135. (In Persian)
Boserup, E., 1965, The Conditions of Agricultural Growth, Allen and Unwin, London.
Boserup, E., 1995, The Impact of Population Growth on Agricultural Output, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, No. 6, PP. 91.
Coleman, D. and R, schofield. 1986, The State of Population Theory, Basil Blackwell Ltd,.
Ebrahimpour, M., 2003, Changes Rural of Population Iran and Its Relationship in with Development Components in Recent Decades, Journal of Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 50-51, PP. 89-122. (In Persian)
Elina, E., 2003, Rural Development Cooperation Learning from Finland’s International Projects and Programmes, Hakapaino Oy Helsinki.
Hayami, Y. and Ruttan, V., 1971; 1985, Agricultural Development, an International Prespective, John Hopkins University, Baltimor.
Hekmatnia, H. and Moussavi, M. N., 2006, Model Application in Geography with Emphasis on Urban and Regional Planning, Modern Science Publications, Yazd. (In Persian)
Jahani, H. R., 2006, Relationship Study Migration and Agricultural Productivity in the Iran, MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Economics, University of Zabol, Zabol. (In Persian)
Jalalian, H. and Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., 2007, Analysis of Geographic Factors Affecting Rural Migration Zanjan Township from 1976 to 1996, Geographical Studies, No. 61, PP. 89-99. (In Persian)
Jamshidiha, G. R. and Anbari, M., 2004, The Interests of Society and Its Impact on Return of Afghan Immigrants, Social Studies, No. 23, PP. 43-68. (In Persian)
Javan, J., 2004, The Geography of Population of Iran, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad, Press University Jihad, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Karimi Hasnijeh, H. and Abedi, A. R., 2009, Migration and Changes in Agricultural Productivity, Sixth Conference of Agricultural Economics Iran, Iran Society of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj. (In Persian)
Koutsouris, A., 2000, A Systems’ Approach to Agriculture and Rural Development, Dept of Agricultural Economy and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
Motiee Langrudi, S. H., 2004, Economic Geography of Iran (Agriculture, industry and services), 2nd Edition, Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Ramezanian, M., 2001, Aging Population Employed In Agriculture District Iran, Causes and Consequences, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, No. 36, PP. 207-235. (In Persian)
Razzaghi, E., 2001, Introduction to Economics of Iran, Nashreney Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Rivera, W., 2001, Agricultural and Rural Extension Worldwide: Options for Institutional Reform in the Developing Countries, FAO, Rome.
Siani Ghasemi, M., 2004, The construction effects of Industrial Estates in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Isfahan, Industrial Town, MSc Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Statistical Centre of Iran, Villages of Sardashat Township, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2011. (In Persian)
Tsakiri M., Mattas K. and Loizou S., 2006, Rural Population Changes and Structural Impacts Upon Agriculture and Regional Economy, the 96th EAAE Seminar, Causes and Impact of Agricultural Structure Taenikon, Switzerland, 10-11 January, p 1. (In Persian)
Varesi, H. R. and Sarvari, Z., 2006, Analysis of the Relationship between Development, Migration and Urbanization in Iran, Journal of Geography and Development, No. 6, PP. 179 -196. (In Persian)
World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2003, Projects for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Designing New Policy Packages for SARD in Mountain Regions, Johannesburg Declaration. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 5,084 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,902 |
||