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ارزیابی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی کشاورزی مطالعة موردی: دهستان حصار ولی‌عصرـ‌شهرستان آوج | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 5، شماره 2، مرداد 1393، صفحه 375-396 اصل مقاله (303.84 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2014.52476 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| جمشید عینالی* | ||
| استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های توسعۀ روستایی در ایران، تقطیع و پراکندگی زیاد زمین‌های کشاورزی بهره‌برداران است که مدیریت منابع تولید را با مشکلات عدیده‌ای مواجه ساخته است. بسیاری از پژوهشگران، یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی را راه‌حلی منطقی و اجرایی برای حل این معضل می‌دانند و بر نقش سازندۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی ـ شامل ساختارهای جامعه، انسجام، روابط افراد، و کارایی شبکه‌های محلی‌ـ در این فرایند تأکید می‌کنند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی بهره‌برداران در تشکیل گروه‌های خودجوش محلی و یکپارچه‌سازی زمین‌های پراکندۀ اعضا از این طریق است. روش تحقیق برای انجام این پژوهش، توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی بود و به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق 280 نفر از بهره‌برداران کشاورزی در روستاهای دهستان حصار ولی‌عصر بودند که زمین‌های‌شان یکپارچه شده بود. از بین آنها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 150 بهره‌بردار به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد و پرسشنامه به‌شیوۀ تصادفی ساده توزیع گردید. روایی پرسشنامه را گروهی از صاحب‌نظران تأیید کردند و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 937/0 محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کمّی داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل واریانس، کروسکال والیس، همبستگی پیرسنه و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان می‌دهند که میانگین عددی مؤلفه‌های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بهره‌برداران، تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر ندارد. نتیجۀ تحلیل کروسکال والیس نیز نشان می‌دهد که بهره‌برداران پروژه‌های یکپارچه‌سازی‌‌شده در سه روستای مطالعه‌شده در برخورداری از ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر ندارند. نتیجۀ تحلیل عاملی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی در پروژه‌های اجرا‌شده نشان می‌دهد که سه عامل اعتماد متقابل بین بهره‌برداران (با 39/19 درصد)، مشارکت و همکاری اعضا (با 2/17 درصد) و انسجام اجتماعی و مدیریت اشتراکی (با 56/11 درصد) که عمدتاً با ساختار اجتماعی مناطق روستایی ارتباط نزدیکی دارند، درمجموع نزدیک به 50 درصد از کل واریانس را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سرمایۀ اجتماعی؛ شهرستان آوج؛ مدیریت منابع کشاورزی؛ یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the Role of Social Capital in Agricultural Land Consolidation Case study: Hesar e Valiasr County, Avaj Township | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jamshid Einali | ||
| Assistant Prof. in Dep. of Geography, Zanjan University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Fragmentation and distribution of agricultural lands is one of most important structural problems of the rural development process especially agricultural development in the Iran. Consequently, the problem has lead to numerous other serious problems such as inefficient use of modern technologies and new production methods, decrease in productivity, waste of soil and water resources, reduction of income level, insufficient of job opportunity and entrepreneurship activities and etc. which have been result in slowing the rate of rural development process. Meanwhile, land consolidation as a factor for successful development of agriculture has draws attention of planners and policymakers in the both developed and developing countries in the recent years. When applied as an instrument of rural development, land consolidation can improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of public and private investments in transportation and communication networks, utilities and irrigation systems. By facilitating renewal of communities, land consolidation can promote social stability. Based on sustainable development approach, community assets to improve the livelihood of the local community includes a broad range of capitals forms such as natural, physical, human, financial and social capitals. Therefore social capital as an intangible investment is a facilitator development resources management based on social relationships and the function of local networks in different levels of the individual and the family, group and community. Thus, in the one hand, social capital dimensions (local network, participation, trust and social cohesion) in the field of land consolidation, can promote stability of the social and economic development, comprehensive planning of land management, effective rapid assessment of complex situations, develop common values, guarantee an equal distribution of resources and increase understanding of the stakeholders, and in the other hand, it paves the way for new opportunities to encourage local residents invest in agricultural infrastructural such as water supply and transferring, packaging, trading and marketing, technical skills, communication etc that led to agricultural development. Now regarding the role of social capital in land consolidation this study attempts to answer these questions: 1- Has social capital helped to land consolidation of scattered plots among small farmers in the study region? And what factors have the most influence in participatory land consolidation from the viewpoint of the beneficiaries? Methodology The research method of the current study in terms of the nature, rate and degree of control and method of data collection was quantitative, non-experimental and field research, respectively. The statistical population of the study consisted of 280 farmers of the villages of Ardelan, Dashtak and Azanbar located in Hesar e Valiasr County (Avaj township- Qazvin province). To determine the sample size, based on the Cochran formula, the 150 beneficiary was selected as a samples and questionnaires were distributed randomly. To assess the role of social capital indicators (cooperation and participation, social trust, local networks and group cohesion) in land consolidation questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the variables, using the preliminary questionnaire was calculated by the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.937. For quantitative analysis of collected data statistical tests such as one sample T test, Kruskal Wallis and Factor analysis were used. Finding To assess the role of social capital in the farmers tendencies to make decisions related to scattered land plot consolidation in the study area, one sample t test has been used. The analysis show that, with the assumed test value of 3 (as a liker spectrum mean) there are significant differences between numerical means of social capital components in land consolidation from the beneficiaries' viewpoints. On the other hand, to assess the difference between the means of ranks of social capital components in sample villages, nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test was used; and this showed that differences at the level of 95% are not significant. To assess the importance of social capital variables in Land Consolidation from respondents' viewpoints in projects implemented in the study area, factor analysis was used. The result of reduction of 32 variables extracted from the questionnaire represents 6 major factors that explain more than 70% of the total variance. Results The results shows that social capital has had a positive effect on the success of farmers' fragmented lands consolidation projects in the study area trough the formation of local group. So that among social capital components such as trust, cooperation, social cohesion and local networks, the indicators of mutual trust between group members and participation and cooperation among within the group as facilitating factors, have had the most effect on group formation and decision making about land consolidation, from the viewpoints of respondents in the study area. The results of reduction are organized in six main factors that explain totally 70.1% of the variance. Thus, among extracted factors of mutual trust between farmers (with 19.39 percent), and collaboration and cooperation of group members (by 17.2 percent), and social cohesion and participatory management (with 11.56 percent), which are closely related to social structure of rural regions, include approximately 50 percent of the total variance from perspective of beneficiaries eligible to implemented Land Consolidation projects and this indicates the effect of social capital on farmers' fragmented and distributed land consolidation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social capital, Agricultural Resources Management, Land Consolidation, Avaj Township | ||
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