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تعیین میزان نفوذ عمقی رسوب در عرصههای پخش سیلاب مطالعة موردی: ایستگاه پخش سیلاب گچساران | ||
نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 68، شماره 1، خرداد 1394، صفحه 15-24 اصل مقاله (780.07 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53872 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محسن پادیاب* 1؛ سادات فیض نیا2؛ حسن احمدی3؛ اردشیر شفیعی4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
2استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
3استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران | ||
4عضو هیئتعلمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد | ||
چکیده | ||
ارزیابی تغییرات منابع خاکی و آبی ناشی از اجرای عملیات پخش سیلاب برای تعیین برآیند مثبت یا منفی اثرگذاری آن امری ضروری است. مهمترین مؤلفة تأثیرگذار در عملکرد سیستمهای پخش سیلاب میزان رسوب ورودی به کانالهای آبرسان گسترشی و نهشتهشدن آن در سطح و تجمع در عمق عرصة پخش است که میتواند خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی عرصه را تغییر دهد. در واقع، با مشخصکردن عمق نفوذ رسوبات، به عمق تأثیرگذاری پخش سیلاب بر ویژگیهای خاک خواهیم رسید. به منظور تعیین اثر گسترش سیل بر میزان نفوذ رسوب به عمق عرصة پخش سیلاب گچساران از اعماق 0 ـ 15، 15 ـ 30، 30 ـ 45، و ۴۵ ـ ۶۰ سانتیمتری از سطح خاک عرصههای پخش و شاهد نمونهبرداری شد. کلیة نمونهها با استفاده از روش الک خشک و هیدرومتری دانهبندی شد. درصد دانههای رسوب با اندازة کمتر از دو میلیمتر با آزمون دانکن و t مستقل برای 80 نمونة برداشتشده از نظر آماری بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد ورود رسوبات به صورت عمقی در پروفیلهای حفرشده تا عمق سوم به طور مؤثر و کاملاً مشخص نمایان است و میتواند در خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک تأثیرگذار باشد و از این عمق به بعد تأثیر پخش سیلاب ناچیز میشود. مهمترین ویژگیای که از سطح به عمق نوارهای پخش تغییر خواهد کرد نفوذپذیری هر یک از لایههای مورد مطالعه است؛ به طوری که با افزایش ذرات ریز نفوذی در عمق و مسدودشدن خلل و فرج لایههای خاک به اصطلاح کور میشود و نفوذپذیری به شدت کاهش مییابد؛ این حالت در سطح نوارهای پخش چشمگیرتر است و حتی پس از نهشتهشدن رسوبات در سطح (عمق 0 ـ 15 سانتیمتری) لایهای سلهبسته و سفالی ایجاد میشود و از نفوذ ذرات و حتی آب به عمق جلوگیری میکند. با تعیین میزان رسوب نهشتهشده در سطح نوارهای پخش و همچنین میزان نفوذ عمقی آن میتوان برای بهبود کارایی و نگهداری آسانتر سیستمهای پخش سیلاب یا حتی عدم استفاده از این روش به صورت عملی و مؤثر تصمیمگیری کرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پخش سیلاب؛ دانهبندی؛ گچساران؛ نفوذپذیری؛ نفوذ رسوب | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Determination of deep infiltrate level of sediment in floodwater spreading fields (Case study: Gachsaran station) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
mohsen padyab1؛ Sadat Feiznia2؛ Hasan Ahmadi3؛ Ardeshir Shafei4 | ||
11 PhD Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran | ||
2Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran | ||
3Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, I.R. Iran | ||
4Research Instructor, Research Centre for Agricultural and Natural Resources, Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Evaluation of changes present in soil and water resources due to operation implement of floodwater spreading is necessary to assess their positive or negative resultant effect. Rate of the internal sediment to diversion spreader channels, surface sedimentation and aggregation of the spreading field depth are most important effective attributes on the yield of floodwater spreading systems. These factors can change physical and chemical properties of studied field, as, by measuring of the infiltrate depth sedimentation of can achieve influencing depth of floodwater. To determine the effect of flooding spread on the sediment infiltrate rate in the field depth of Gachsaran floodwater spreading, from 0-15, 30-15, 30-45 and 45-60cm of the soil surface of spreading field and control were sampled. Granulometry of all samples was done using dry sieve and hydrometric analysis and then percent of the sediment grains with size of less than two millimeters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by Duncan t-student test for 80 sampled samples. Results showed that deep entering of the sediments into drilled profiles to 30-45cm was completely distinct which can affect on the soil physical and mechanical properties. However, after the 30-45cm depth, the impact of floodwater spreading was minimal. The infiltration of each studied layer is the most important feature which will change from surface to the depth of spreading belts, so that by increasing infiltrated fine particles in the depth and blocking pores, the soil layers are clogged and in result reduce the infiltration rate, sharply. This state was more remarkable in the spreader belts surface. Furthermore, by depositing the sediments in the surface (0-15cm depth), an impermeable and earthen layer is created which prevent from infiltrate the particles and even water into soil depth. Generally, with determine of the deposited sediment level in the spreading belts and also its deep infiltrate rate can provide effective and practical decision to improve efficiency and easy maintenance of the floodwater spreading systems or even not use this method. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Floodwater spreading, Sediment infiltrate, Infiltration, Granulometry, Gachsaran | ||
مراجع | ||
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