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ارزیابی چرخۀ حیات باتریهای لیتیوم یونی (مطالعۀ موردی: آندهای گرافیت و اکسید کبالت) | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 68، شماره 2، شهریور 1394، صفحه 165-178 اصل مقاله (211.58 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2015.54945 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا پاداش برمچی1؛ امیرحسین حمیدیان* 2؛ نعمت الله خراسانی3؛ محمود کاظمزاد4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
2استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
3استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
4استادیار پژوهشکدۀ انرژی، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این روزها به باتریهای لیتیوم یونی بهدلیل شدت انرژی بالاتر و آثار زیستمحیطی کمتر نسبت به باتریهای استفادهشدۀ دیگر، بسیار توجه شده است. مواد استفادهشده در آند، یکی از بخشهای مهم تأثیرگذار بر شدت انرژی و آثار زیستمحیطی باتریها هستند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی چگونگی اثرپذیری میزان انتشار آثار زیستمحیطی ناشی از مواد مختلف استفادهشده در آند باتریهای لیتیوم یونی با افزایش میزان انرژی تولیدی در واحد جرم مادۀ فعال و نیز چگونگی اثر بازیافت مواد بر میزان آثار زیستمحیطی بالقوۀ ناشی از این باتریهاست. در این مطالعه میزان وزنی اولیۀ اجزای مورد نیاز برای سناریوهای مختلف براساس تجربیات آزمایشگاهی، منابع و گزارشهای مستندشده تعیین شد. سپس براساس واحد عملکردی تعیینشده که در این مطالعه 1000 میلیآمپر ساعت انرژی تولیدی توسط مادۀ فعال آند باتری در نظر گرفته شده است، دادههای وزنی اولیه نرمال شدند و پس از آن همۀ آثار زیستمحیطی و مصرف انرژی مربوط به تمام اجزای تشکیلدهنده و استفادهشده در باتری شامل مادۀ فعال (همان مادۀ آند سنتزی)، مواد الکترولیت شامل LiPF6 در حلال NMP، اتیلنکربنات، دیمتیل کربنات و بایندر توسط دادههای بهدستآمده از مدل GREET2 سیاههنویسی شدند. پس از طبقهبندی، ویژگیسازی براساس فاکتورهای ویژگیسازی روش CML و درنهایت وزندهی آثار زیستمحیطی مختلف براساس روش مدلسازی MET صورت گرفت. بررسی نتایج ارزیابی آثار زیستمحیطی باتریهای با آند گرافیت و اکسید کبالت نشان میدهد که باتریهای با آند اکسید کبالت آثار گازهای گلخانهای، گازهای اسیدی، مهدود فتوشیمیایی و مصرف انرژی بیشتری نسبت به باتریهای با آند گرافیت دارند. در مقابل، آثار باتریهای با آند اکسید کبالت در صورت بازیافت میتواند بهشکل قابلتوجهی کاهش یابد و درنتیجه میتوان به باتریهای کوچکتر با وزن کمتر و شدت انرژی بیشتر با آثار زیستمحیطی کمتر دست یافت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آندهای باتری؛ ارزیابی چرخۀ حیات؛ انرژی؛ باتری لیتیوم یونی؛ بازیافت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Life Cycle Assessment of Li-ion Batteries (Case Study: Anodes with Graphite and Cobalt Oxide) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Zahra Padashbarmchi1؛ Amir Hossein Hamidian2؛ Nematolah Khorasani3؛ Mahmood Kazemzad4 | ||
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran Iran | ||
2Assisstant Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
3Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
4Assisstant Professor, Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Lithium-ion batteries due to their higher energy density and lower associated environmental impacts comparing to the other batteries, recently have been highly considered. The materials used in anode, are one of the most important parts affecting batteries’ energy density and environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to investigate how environmental emissions of different materials as anode for li-ion batteries can be influenced by increasing the produced energy per mass unit of active material and also how battery recycling can change the potential environmental impacts caused by batteries. In this study, the primary weight of components needed for different scenarios was identified according to the laboratory experiences, resources and literatures. Then, the primary weight data were normalized based on the identified functional unit which in this study proposed to be 1000 mAh energy produced by anode active material of battery and the inventories of all the environmental impacts and energy use related to the all components used in battery including active material (synthesized anode material), electrolyte materials (LiPF6 in NMP, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate) and binder were prepared using GREET2 model’s data. After classification, characterization was done based on characterization factors of CML method and finally weighting of different environmental impacts was done based on MET modeling method. The investigation of environmental impacts of batteries with graphite and cobalt oxide anode shows that batteries with cobalt oxide anode have higher greenhouse gas effects, acid gases, photochemical smog and energy use comparing to the batteries with graphite anode. On the other hand, the impacts of batteries with cobalt oxide anode when recycled can significantly decreased and therefore, it can be possible to achieve batteries with smaller size, lower weight and higher energy density with lower environmental impacts. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
LCA, Lithium-Ion Battery, battery anodes, Energy, recycling | ||
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