پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,988,154 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,658,690 |
تحلیلی بر پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع خدمات شهری بر پایۀ عدالت فضایی (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر اردبیل) | ||
| پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 3، شماره 3، مهر 1394، صفحه 285-308 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی - کاربردی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jurbangeo.2015.55884 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جمیله توکلی نیا1؛ آرمان مسلمی* 2؛ ابراهیم فیروزی3؛ سارا بندانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکدۀ علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 3دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| میزان و چگونگی توزیع خدمات شهری نقش مؤثری در جابه‌جایی فضایی جمعیت و تغییرات جمعیتی در مناطق شهری دارد. از آنجا که یکی از معیارهای توسعۀ پایدار شهری توجه به توزیع متوازن جمعیت است، توزیع خدمات شهری می‌تواند موجب عدالت فضایی گردد. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی میزان هماهنگی در پراکندگی جمعیت و توزیع خدمات در نواحی شهر اردبیل است. روش پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و در آن از ضریب آنتروپی برای بررسی میزان تعادل در توزیع جمعیت و از ضریب پراکندگی و مدل ویکور برای بررسی میزان تعادل در توزیع خدمات شهری در نواحی شهر اردبیل استفاده شده است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق، نواحی چهل‌وچهارگانة شهر اردبیل است که با توجه به هفده شاخص خدمات شهری ارزیابی شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ناحیه‌های 6 و 7 منطقۀ 2 با بیشترین امتیاز (بسیار برخوردار) و ناحیۀ 7 منطقۀ 4 با کمترین امتیاز (بسیار محروم) به‌ترتیب در سطح اول و آخر قرار گرفته‌اند. همچنین بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، خدمات در برخی شاخص‌ها مانند فرهنگی، مهدکودک، آتش‌نشانی و... به‌صورت متعادل در نواحی شهر توزیع نشده است. همچنین بر اساس ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، بین تراکم جمعیت و توزیع خدمات (161/0) رابطۀ معناداری وجود ندارد. یعنی توزیع خدمات مطابق با نیازهای جمعیتی نبوده است، بلکه ویژگی‌های اجتماعی – اقتصادی ساکنان نواحی در پراکنش و توزیع خدمات مؤثر بوده‌اند. بررسی ضریب همبستگی پیرسون میان پراکندگی جمعیت و توزیع خدمات (151/0) در نواحی شهر اردبیل نبود رابطۀ معنادار را بین این دو متغیر نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین ضمن افزایش شاخص‌های خدمات شهری در سطح نواحی شهر اردبیل، برقراری ارتباط هماهنگ و مؤثر بین پراکندگی جمعیت و توزیع خدمات در نواحی شهر اردبیل ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. رشد شتابان جمعیت شهری و پیشی گرفتن آن از امکانات و خدمات شهری مطلوب و نبود برنامه‌ریزی صحیح، موجب ناهمگونی و عدم تعادل توزیع امکانات و خدمات در سطح شهر می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پراکنش جمعیت؛ توزیع خدمات؛ شهر اردبیل؛ مدل ویکور | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Population and Utilities on the Basis of Spatial Justice (Case Study: Ardabil) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jamileh Tavakolinia1؛ Arman Moslemi2؛ Ebrahim Firozi3؛ Sara Bandani2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Deparement of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran | ||
| 2M.A.s, Deparement of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran | ||
| 3M.A. in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Spatial inequalities in establishment of municipal activities and different levels of residents wealth in various areas of a city, is not a new phenomenon in the cities all over the world. In developing countries, because of egregious social and economic differences, and due to inequality and imbalance in municipal services distribution, spatial differences of cities have been exacerbated (Abdi, Daneshpour, 1998). Spatial structure of a city is composed of components and elements which have reactions on each other. Therefore, instability of each of these components will have an effect on the whole structure (Savj & Vard, 2001, 90). To this reason, an organized spatial balance in cities is considered as a kind of municipal stability and will be realized when a logical compatibility is created between population scattering and service distribution in cities. As a result, appropriate and optimal distribution of social, economic, cultural, and sanitary facilities between regions and areas is one of the most important factors to prevent inequalities, development gap, and inappropriate spatial distribution of population on the areas of land. In planning for growth and development of different urban areas, it is essential to know the position and place of regions as one of the most important factors in achievement of a balanced municipal development. In some urban regions, service distribution is better than other regions, flow of people will head towards these regions, and subsequently social and environmental problems and issues will come up (Sarvestani, 2008, 6). In line with the policy of spatial justice, as a pivotal goal of country development plans, it is necessary to investigate the status of different regions with respect to services distribution and level of various infrastructural and socio-economic indexes, as well as to focus on deficiencies and insufficiencies for the future development plans. In the recent years, conversion of Ardebil City into a provincial capital has caused a rapid physical expansion of this city. This, in turn, has caused serious problems. One of the most important of the problems is socio-spatial imbalance. Selection of this city as the provincial capital in 1996 has broken balanced and homogeneous spatial organization of the city. Inharmonious skeletal and physical development of the city has caused ecologic segregation. As a result, some of the areas and districts of the city have better accessibility to services, while some other districts, usually with higher population, have inappropriate access to the services. The most important questions of this research are including: Is municipal services distribution well balanced in all areas of Ardebil City? Is there a meaningful relation between spatial population distribution and services distribution in all areas of Ardebil? Is there a meaningful relation between population density and services distribution in areas of Ardebil? In order to explain the aforementioned questions the following assumptions are presented: Services in Ardebil city have not been distributed in a balanced manner. There is a direct meaningful relation between population scattering and municipal services distribution in the areas of Ardebil city. There is a direct meaningful relation between population density and municipal services distribution in the areas of Ardebil City. Methodology The present research is an analytic-descriptive research with information collected in a field and attributive method, via a quantitative research. The statistical society of the research is 44 areas of Ardebil, using 17 indexes, and the collected information is analyzed via VIKOR model. We have used questionnaire by experts to determine the weight of research indexes (20 experts and specialists of municipal service department). We also used AHP model and relative Entropy method to analyze population. Results and Discussion In order to analyze the properties of population spatial distribution in 44 regions of Ardebil, relative Entropy coefficient has been used. The Entropy coefficient in 2014 equals to 0.99. This value is merely less than unity and shows there is almost a full balance in spatial distribution of population. Investigation on the pearson correlation coefficient between population of the areas in SPSS reveals the value of -0.169 with significance equal to 0.272, which means there is no meaningful relation between the two variables. In fact, population acceptance of different areas of Ardebil is not in accordance with the areas and other factors like land and house price, personal income and etc. have affected the population distribution. VIKOR method VIKOR method is one of the newest methods of multi-variable decision making problem solving methods, which was first introduced by Oprikovich & Tzeng in 1998. This method evaluates the problems containing inappropriate and incompatible criteria. The stages of VIKOR method are presented: First stage: gathering necessary data and forming decision matrix. Second stage: descaling decision matrix. Third stage: determining weight vector of criteria. Fourth stage: determining the best and the worst value among the values of each criterion. Fifth stage: calculating S and R values. Sixth stage: calculating Q. Seventh stage: ranking the options based on the descending order of the obtained values for S, R, and Q. Checking Pearson’s correlation relation between population density and the scores obtained from VIKOR method shows that correlation coefficient is 0.161 and has a meaningfulness level of 0.295. This means there is no meaningful relation between population density and services distribution, i.e. regarding equality, the more the areas obtained the higher ranks in municipal services distribution. This is the same for area of the regions. Correlation coefficient between area of the regions and services distribution equals -0.142. This means that areas extent has no effect on how optimal are the municipal services distribution. Conclusion In this research, spatial distribution of population and services in 44 regions of Ardebil City has been investigated. Density level of Ardebil city in 2014 is 83.6 people per hectare. The highest densities among the areas of Ardebil city belongs to district 7 of region 4 and district 1 of region 3 with 201.1 and 182.2 people per hectare, respectively. The lowest densities belong to district 11 of region 2 and district 8 of region 2 with 0.2 and 1.6 people per hectare, respectively. The results of this research show that districts 6 and 7 of region 2 with the highest score (very wealthy) and district 7 of region 4 with the lowest score (very deprived), are ranked in the first and the last place, respectively. The results also show that services distribution in some indexes like cultural, kindergarten, fire station and etc. are not distributed equally in regions of Ardebil city. Thus, regarding the first question and assumption, services distribution among the regions are not balanced, which verifies the first assumption. Regarding the second question and considering the results, the Pearson’s coefficient between the areas’ population rank and rank of VIKOR’s score equals 0.151 with meaningfulness level of 0.386. This shows level of population has not affected how the municipal services are distributed. Therefore, there is a mere relation between population scattering and services distribution in the areas of Ardebil city, which rejects the second assumption. According to findings of this research and with the aim of answering the third question, the Pearson’s coefficient between areas’ population scattering and rank of VIKOR’s score equals to 0.161 with a meaningfulness level of 0.295. This means that there is no meaningful relation between population scattering and services distribution. This means that services distribution is not in accordance with population needs, but socio-economic properties of areas’ residents have an effect on scattering and distribution of services, so the third assumption is also rejected. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ardabil City, services distribution, spatial population distribution, Vikor Model | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
ابراهیم‌زاده، عیسی؛ اسکندری ثانی، محمد؛ اسمعیل نژاد، مرتضی؛ (1389). کاربرد تحلیل عاملی در تبیین الگوی فضایی توسعه و توسعه‌‌نیافتگی شهری - منطقه‌ای در ایران، فصلنامۀ جغرافیا و توسعه، دورۀ 2، شمارۀ 17، صص 28-7. احدنژاد روشنی، محسن؛ زلفی، علی؛ شکرپور دیزج، حسین؛ (1390). ارزیابی و پیش‌بینی گسترش فیزیکی شهرها با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای چندزمانه و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، مطالعۀ موردی شهر اردبیل، فصلنامۀ آمایش محیط، دورۀ 5، شمارۀ 15، صص 21-35. اطهاری، کمال؛ (1381). عدالت در فضا، مجلۀ هفت شهر، سال 3، دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 9، صص 15-24. بابایی اقدم، فریدون؛ ( 1386 ). تحلیل الگوهای فضایی حواشی شهری مطالعۀ موردی: شهر تبریز، رسالۀ دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز. حبیبی، سید محسن؛ (1382). از شار تا شهر (چاپ هفتم). تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. حسینی، سید احمد؛ احدنژاد روشنی، محسن؛ مدیری، مهدی؛ کاملی فر، محمد جواد؛ (1392). ارزیابی کیفیت نواحی شهری با توجه به توزیع خدمات شهری در بحران‌های انسان ساخت با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل، نمونۀ موردی: نواحی شهر تهران. مجلۀ برنامه‌ریزی فضایی، سال 3، دورۀ 7، شمارۀ 2، صص 100-79. ذاکریان، ملیحه؛ موسوی، میرنجف؛ باقری کشکولی، علی؛ (1389). تحلیلی بر پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع خدمات در محلات شهر میبد از منظر توسعۀ پایدار، مجلۀ پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، سال 1، دورۀ 2، شمارۀ 2، صص 31-45. ضرابی، اصغر؛ ایزدی، ملیحه؛ (1392). تحلیلی بر توسعۀ منطقه‌ای استان‌های کشور، مجلۀ برنامه‌ریزی فضایی، سال 3، دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 1، صص 116-101. فنی، زهره؛ (1382). شهرهای کوچک رویکردی دیگر در توسعۀ منطقه‌ای، انتشارات سازمان شهرداری‌های کشور، تهران. مودت، الیاس؛ ملکی، سعید؛ (1393). طیف‌بندی و سنجش فضایی آسیب فیزیکی – اجتماعی شهرها در برابر زلزله با به‌کارگیری تکنیک VIKOR و GIS مورد شناسی شهر یزد، فصلنامۀ جغرافیا و آمایش شهری – منطقه‌ای، دورۀ 7 شمارۀ 11، صص 103-85. هاروی، دیوید؛ (1379). عدالت اجتماعی و شهر، ترجمۀ فرخ حسامیان، انشارات پردازش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، تهران. وارثی، حمیدرضا؛ قائدر رحمتی، صفر؛ باستانی‌فر، ایمان؛ (1386). بررسی اثرات توزیع خدمات شهری در عدم تعادل فضایی جمعیت، مطالعۀ موردی مناطق شهر اصفهان، مجلۀ جغرافیا و توسعه، سال 3، دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 15، صص 12-26. Bass, R.(1998). Evaluating environmental justice under the National Environmental Policy Act. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 18, 83–92.
C.D. Lloyd. (2012). Analysing the spatial scale of population concentrations by religion. National Academy Press, 26-92.
Dixon J. and Ramutsindela, M. (2006). Urban resettlement and environmental justice in Cape Town, Cities, 23(2) ,129–139.
Drakakis. Smith , David. (2000). ThirdWorld Cities: Second Edition , Routledge. New York, North Point Press,30-35
Dufaux, F.(2008). Birth Announcement Justice and Spatial Spatial Justice Journal of the American Planning Association.55, 101-110.
Ewing,R.(1997). Is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable. Journal of American Planning Association,vol 63,pp.27-107.
Görener, A. Toker, K. & Uluçay, K. (2012). Application of combined SWOT and AHP: a case study for a manufacturing firm. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 525-534.
Hewko, J.N.,(2001).Spatial Equity in the Urban Environment: Assessing Neighbourhood Accessibility to Public Amenities, University of Alberta, Vol.29, No. 2, Pp. 81- 99.
Hewko, Jared Neil (2001). Spatial Equity in the Urban Environment: Assessing Neighborhood Accessibility to Public Amenities, University of Alberta, Canada
Newman, P. and J. Kenworthy.(1989). in Northern Ireland using global and local variograms.International Journal of Geographical Information Science Vol. 26, No. 1, January 2012, 57–73.
Jose G. Vargas-Hernandez. (2011). Study on the Spatial Distribution of Mexican Population.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 2.20-29
Khan Rubayet Rahman Md. Salauddin. (2009). a spatial analysis on the provision of urban public services and their deficiencies: a study of some selected blocks in Khulna city Bangladesh Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management Special Number 1S/April 2009. 62-68
Langford, M . Higgs, G. Radcliffe, J. and While, S. (2008). Urban population distribution models and service accessibility estimation. Computers, Environment and Urban System. Vol 32. Pages 66.
Laurent E. (2011). Issues in environmental justice within the European Union, Ecological Economics, London. 70:1846–1853.
Martinez, J,(2009). The use of GIS and Indicators to Monitor Intra-Urban Inequalities: A Case Study in Rosario, Argentina, Habitat International, Vol. 33, No. 1, Pp. 387- 396.
Mitchel G., and Norman P. (2012). Longitudinal environmental justice analysis: Co-evolution of environmental quality and deprivation in England, 1960–2007, Geoforum, 43:44-57.
Oh, K., and Jeong, S. (2007). Assessing the spatial distribution of urban parks using GIS. Landscape and Urban planning. Vol 82: Pages 25-32.
Opricovic, S. (2011). Fuzzy VIKOR with an application to water resources planning. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(10), 12983-12990.
Smith, H. K. Harper, P. R., Potts, C. N. & Thyle, A. (2009). Planning sustainable community health schemes in rural areas of developing countries. European Journal of Operational Research, 193(3), 768-777.
Tsou, Ko-Wan, Yu-Ting, H. and Yao-Lin C. (2005). An accessibility-based integrated measure of relative spatial equity in urban public facilities, Cities, 22(6): 424-435
Wassmer,R.W. (2002). Influences of the Fiscslization of Land use and Urban- GrowthBoundaries, www. csus. edu/ indiv/ w/wassmer/ sprawl.html.
xiaohang liu (2003) estimation of the spatial distribution of urban population using high spatial resolution satellite imagery.uneversity of California.44-66
Gordon, P., and H. Richardson. (1989). Gasoline consumption and cities:A reply. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55 (3):342-46.
Newman, P. and J. Kenworthy. (1989). Cities and Automobile dependence :An International Sourcebook, Gower, UK.128-136.
Ewing, R. Pendall, R. and Chen, D. (2002). Measuring sprawl and its impact, vol 1 (Technical Report), SmartGrowth America, Washington DC.21-29. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,178 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,383 |
||