سامانه پشتیبانی خدمات اطلاعات

  اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات158
تعداد شماره‌ها6,228
تعداد مقالات67,752
تعداد مشاهده مقاله115,086,511
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله89,825,998
شمعی, فاطمه, پیرمحمدی, رسول, خلیل وندی بهروزیار, حامد. (1394). اثر نوع فرایند حرارتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری و تخمیرپذیری برون‌تنی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی. , 46(3), 247-261. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2015.56419
فاطمه شمعی; رسول پیرمحمدی; حامد خلیل وندی بهروزیار. "اثر نوع فرایند حرارتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری و تخمیرپذیری برون‌تنی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی". , 46, 3, 1394, 247-261. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2015.56419
شمعی, فاطمه, پیرمحمدی, رسول, خلیل وندی بهروزیار, حامد. (1394). 'اثر نوع فرایند حرارتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری و تخمیرپذیری برون‌تنی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی', , 46(3), pp. 247-261. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2015.56419
شمعی, فاطمه, پیرمحمدی, رسول, خلیل وندی بهروزیار, حامد. اثر نوع فرایند حرارتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری و تخمیرپذیری برون‌تنی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی. , 1394; 46(3): 247-261. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2015.56419

اثر نوع فرایند حرارتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری و تخمیرپذیری برون‌تنی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی

علوم دامی ایران
مقاله 4، دوره 46، شماره 3، مهر 1394، صفحه 247-261    اصل مقاله (678.06 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijas.2015.56419
نویسندگان
فاطمه شمعی1؛ رسول پیرمحمدی2؛ حامد خلیل وندی بهروزیار* 3
1کارشناس ارشد تغذیۀ دام، دانشگاه ارومیه
2دانشیار تغذیۀ دام دانشگاه ارومیه
3استادیار تغذیۀ دام، دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر روش‌های مختلف فراوری‌های حرارتی شامل اتوکلاو، تفت‌دادن، پولکی‌کردن با بخار و ریزموج، بر ترکیب شیمیایی، غلظت مواد ضد مغذی (تانن و ترکیبات فنولیک)، تجزیه‌پذیری مادۀ خشک و پروتئین خام انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش از سه رأس گاو نر بالغ فیستوله‌گذاری‌شدۀ نژاد هلشتاین (طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی) و میزان گاز تولیدی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (طرح کاملاً تصادفی، با پنج تیمار، سه دورۀ مجزا و سه تکرار به ازای هر تیمار در هر دوره) و پسماندهای کارخانه‌های لپه‌پاک‌کنی استفاده شد. غلظت مادۀ خشک، پروتئین خام (درصد مادۀ خشک)، خاکستر (درصد مادۀ خشک)، مقدار تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر مادۀ خشک (گرم در 100 گرم مادۀ خشک) و پروتئین خام (گرم در 100 گرم پروتئین خام) در نرخ عبور 02/0، غلظت مادۀ آلی قابل‌هضم (گرم بر 100 گرم مادۀ آلی) و تولید پروتئین میکروبی (گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم مادۀ آلی قابل‌هضم) در پسماند فراوری‌نشده به ترتیب برابر 2/89، 1/26، 26/2، 65، 5/79، 52 و 71/62 بود. فراوری‌های حرارتی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به‌صورت معناداری (05/0 (P با کاهش بخش محلول پروتئین، به کاهش پروتئین قابل‌تجزیۀ سریع در شکمبه، کاهش سنتز پروتئین میکروبی و در مقابل افزایش عبور پروتئین تجزیه‌نشده به رودۀ باریک انجامید. بیشترین کاهش در غلظت تانن و ترکیبات فنولیک، به فراوری با امواج ریزموج مربوط بود و کمترین غلظت پروتئین قابل‌تجزیۀ مؤثر در شکمبه، به گروه فراوری‌شده با اتوکلاو متعلق بود. تفت‌دادن سبب بیشترین کاهش در پروتئین قابل‌تجزیۀ سریع در شکمبه شد، ولی بر مادۀ آلی قابل‌هضم و مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم تأثیر نامطلوبی نداشت؛ بنابراین با توجه به نتایج، در دسترس‌بودن فرایندها و هزینۀ فراوری، تفت‌دادن به‌عنوان فراوری مناسب به‌منظور کاهش پروتئین قابل‌تجزیه در شکمبه توصیه می‌شود. اجرای آزمایش‌های تکمیلی در شرایط درون‌تنی به‌منظور بررسی بیشتر بازده فراوری و ارزش اقتصادی پسماندهای لپه‌پاک‌کنی در تغذیۀ نشخوارکنندگان ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پولکی‌کردن با بخار؛ تانن؛ تجزیه‌پذیری؛ ریزموج
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of heat treatments on chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro fermentability of chick pea pre-cleaning wastes
نویسندگان [English]
Fatemeh Shamee1؛ Rrasool Pirmohammadi2؛ Hamed Khalikvandi Behroozyar3
1Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, University of Urmia, Iran
2Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Urmia, Iran
3Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different heating treatments (Autoclaving, roasting, steam flaking and Microwave irradiation) on chemical composition, anti- nutritional compounds (tannin and phenolic), in situ dry mater (DM) and crude prate in (CP) degradability. Three fistulated bull in a complete randomized block design and in vitro gas production kinetics (complete randomized design, 3 different runs, 3 replication for each of treatments) pre cleaninig chick pea wastes were used. Unprocessed and wastes (control) had DM (g/100 g), CP (%DM) and ash (%DM) content of 89.2, 26.1 and 2.26, respectively, in situ DM and CP effective degradability (g/100 DM & CP, respectively, k=0.02), digestible OM (g/100 g) and microbial protein yield (g/kg DOM) was 65, 79.5, 52 and 62.7, respectively. Heat treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced soluble protein fraction, resulted in lower QDP, microbial protein yield and the higher amount of protein passing into the small intestine in compare to control group. Microwave irradiation had higher efficiency in reduction of tannins and phenolic compounds and lowest effective protein degradability was belonged to autoclaved materials. Roasting had higher efficiency in reducing QDP, without negative effects on OMD and ME estimates. According to the obtained results, cost and availability of processing, roasting is the best of processing method to reduce the rate of protein degradation in the rumen. In vivo experiments are needed for more evaluation of processing efficiency and economical values of chick pea pre cleaninig wastes in ruminants’ nutrition.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Degradability, microwave irradiation, steam flaking, tannin
مراجع
  1. Alajaji, A. S. & El-Adawy, T.A. (2006). Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by Microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. Journal of Food Composition andAnalysis, 19, 806-812.
  2. Abdi Ghezeljeh, E. (2008). Determination of chemical composition and metabolizable energy of waste spaghetti and chickpea pre-cleaning plants in different levels. Journal of Science & Technology of Agriculture & Natural Resources, 43, 349-358. (in Farsi)
  3. Agricultural and Food research Council. (1992). Nutrient requirements of ruminant Animals: Protein. Technical comitee on Responses to nutrients. Report no: 10, Nutrition Abstracts & Reviews, Series B, 62, 787-835
  4. Agricultural and Food Research Council. (1995). Energy and Protein requirements of ruminants. Technical committee on responses to nutrients. CAB International. Wallingford, U.K.
  5. Aimone, J. C. & Wagner, D. G. (1977). Micronized wheat. II. Influnce on in vitro digestibility, gas production and gelatinization. Journal of Animal Science, 44, 1096-1099
  6. Al Jassim, R. A. M. (2006). Supplementary feeding of horses with processed sorghum grains and oats. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 125, 33-44
  7. Allen, MS. (2012). Adjusting concentration and ruminal digestibility of starch through lactation. In: Proceedings of the Four-State Dairy Nutrition and Management Conference. Dubuque (IA), June 13–14, p. 24–30.
  8. AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  9. Ben Salem, H., Saghrouni, L. & Nefzaoui, A. (2005). Attempts to deactivate tannins in fodder shrubs with physical and chemical treatments. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 122, 109-121.
  10. Besharati, M., Taghizadeh, A., Janmohammadi, H. & Moghadam, G. A. (2008). Estimating degradability amount of by-products of grape yield using in situ and in vitro (gas production) techniques. Journal of Agricultural Science, (University of Tabriz). 18, 173-185. (in Farsi)
  11. Blummel, M. & Orskov, E. R. (1993).Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 40, 109-119.
  12. Bressani, T. (1993). Grain quality of common beans. Food Reviews International, 9, 237-297.
  13. Broderick, G.A. & Michael Craig, W. (1980). Effect of Heat Treatment on Ruminal Degradation and Escape, and Intestinal Digestibility of Cottonseed Meal Protein. Journal of Nutrition, 110, 2381-2389.
  14. Canbolat, O., Kamalak, A., Efe, E., Sahin, M. & Ozkan, C. O. (2005). Effect of heat treatment on in situ rumen degradability and in vitro gas production of full-fat soyabeans and soyabean meal. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 138, 143-148.
  15. Coblentz, W. K., Fritz, J. O., Cochran, R. C., Rooney, W. L. & Bolsen, K. K. (1997). Protein degradation in response to spontaneous heating in alfalfa hay by in situ and ficin methods. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 700-713.
  16. Czerkawski, J. W. (1986). An introduction to rumen studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
  17. Dehghan-banadaky, M., Corbett, R. & Oba, M. (2007). Effects of barley grain processing on productivity of cattle (review). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 137, 1-24
  18. Ebrahimi, S. R., Nikkhah, A. & Sadeghi, A. (2010). Changes in Nutritive Value and Digestion Kinetics of Canola Seed Due to Microwave Irradiation. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 23, 347-354.
  19. Eghbali Koozekanan, M., Kafilzadeh, F. & Hozhabbi, F. (2007). Effect of physical and chemical treatments of canola meal on solubility, degradability and digestibility of crude protein. Agricultural Research Journal: Water, soil and Plant in Agriculture, 7, 127-139. (in Farsi)
  20. Fathi Nasri, M. H., Danesh Mesgaran, M., Valizadeh, R., Nikkhah, A., Emami, M. R. & Heravi Mousavi, A. R. (2006). Effect of heating (roasting) on chemical composition, nitrogen fractions, degradability coefficients and ruminal – intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein of two varieties (Sahar and Williams) of whole soybean grain. Agricultural Science & Technology, 20, 22-35. (in Farsi)
  21. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2013). ‘‘FAOSTAT”. Production Year Book.
  22. Fu-qiang, I.A.O., Fei, W., Li-ping, R., Zhen-ming, Z., Qing-xiang, M. & Yu-hong, B. (2015). Effect of steam-flaking on chemical compositions, starch gelatinization, in vitro fermentability, and energetic values of maize, wheat and rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14, 949-955.
  23. Getachew, G., Makkar, H. P. S. & Becker, K. (2002). Tropical browses: content of phenolic compounds, In vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 139, 341-352.
  24. Givens, D.I., Owen E., Omed, H. M. & Axford, R. F. E. (2000). Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition. CABI. Wallingford. UK.
  25. Goelema, J. O., Spreeuwenberg, M. A. M., Hof, G., Van der poel, A. & Tamminga, S. (1998). Effect of pressure toasting on the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of whole and broken peas, lupins and faba beans and a mixture of these feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 76, 35-50.
  26. Habiba, R. A. (2002). Changes in anti nutrients, protein solubility, digestibility and HCL extrability of ash and phosphorus in vegetable peas as affected by cooking methods. Food Chemistry, 77, 187-192.
  27. Kaasova, J., Hubackova, B., Kadlec, P., Prihoda, J. & Bubnik, Z. (2002). Chemical and biochemical changes during microwave treatment of wheat. Czech Journal of Food Science, 20, 74-78.
  28. Kadlec, P., Kaasova, J., Dostalova, J., Zatopkova, M., Hosned, V. & Hrachovinova, J. (2002). Microwave treatment on drying of germinated pea. Czech Journal of Food Science, 20, 23-30.
  29. Kala, B. K. & Mohan, V. R. (2012). Effect of microwave treatment on the antinutritional factors of two accessions of velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Bak. Ex Burck. International Food Research Journal, 19, 961-969.
  30. Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Gurbuz, Y., Ozkan, C. O. & Kizilsimsek, M. (2005). Determination of nutritive value of wild mustard, sinapsis arvensis harvested at different maturity stages using in situ and in vitro measurements. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 18, 1249-1254.
  31. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar, H., Dehghan-Banadaki, M. & RezaYazdi, K. (2009). Removal of tannins can cause improvements in ruminal cell wall degradation and total tract apparent NDF digestibility of Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia). EAAP Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 589
  32. Leach, H. W. (1965). Gelatinization of starch. In: Starch, Chemistry and Technology, Academic Press, New York.
  33. Lykos, T. & Varga, G.A. (1995): Effects of processing method on degradation characteristics of protein and carbohydrate sources in situ Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 1789-1801.
  34. Maheri, N., Egbali, M., Aghazadeh, A., Mirzaei, A. & Golshani, A. (2011). Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Ruminal Protein Degradation of Tomato Pomace. International Journal of Animal & Veterinary Advances, 3, 177-181.
  35. Maheri-Sis, N., Eghbali-Vaighan, M., Mirza-Aghazadeh, A., Shaddel-Telli, A.A., Mirzaei-Aghsaghali, A. & Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, A. (2011). Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Ruminal Protein Degradation of Tomato Pomace. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3, 177-181.
  36. Makkar, H. P. S. & Singh, B. (1992). Detannification of oak (Quercus incana) leaves: treatments and their optimization. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 36, 113-127.
  37. Makkar, H. P. S. (2000). Quantification of Tannins in Tree Foliage: A laboratory manual for the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on ‘Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques to Develop Simple Tannin Assays for Predicting and Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Feeding Ruminants on Tanniniferous Tree Foliage’. IAEA, VIENNA.
  38. McAllister, T. A., Cheng, K. J., Beauchemin, K. A., Bailey, D. R. C., Pickard, M. D. & Gilbert, R. P. (1993). Use of lignosulfonate to decrease the rumen degradability of canola meal protein. Canadian Joournal of Animal Science, 73, 211-215.
  39. McDonald I. (1981). A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the ruminal. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 96, 251-252.
  40. Menke, K. H. & Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research & Development, 28, 7-55.
  41. Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. & Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibil-ity and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor.Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 93, 217-222.
  42. Moore, J. A., Poore M. H., Eck T. P., Swingle R. S., Huber J. T. & Arana M.J. (1992). Sorghum grain processing and buffer addition for early lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75, 3465- 3472.
  43. Moshtaghi, Nia S. A. & Ingalls, J. R. (1995). Influence of moist heat treatment on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of amino acids from rapeseed meal. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 1552-1560.
  44. Mustafa, A. F., Chouinard, Y. P., Ouellet, D. R. & Soita, H. (2003). Effects of moist heat treatment on ruminal nutrient degradability of sunflower seed. Journal of Science of Food & Agriculture, 83, 1059-1064.
  45. National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Rev ed, National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
  46. Orskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 92, 499-503.
  47. Parand, E. & Taghizadeh, A. (2011). Examination of digestibility of processed barley grain with different methods, using gas production technique with two sources of inocola. Animal Science Research, (University of Tabriz). 20-4, 1-13. (in Farsi)
  48. Pena, F., Tagari, H. & Satter, L. D. (1986). The effect of heat treatment of whole cottonseed on site and extent of protein digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 62, 1423-1432.
  49. Pfeffer, E. & Hristov, A. N. (2005). Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle: Reducing the Environmental impact of cattle operation. CABI. Wallingford. UK.
  50. Prestlùkken, E. (1999). In situ ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility of dry matter and protein in expanded feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 77, 1-23.
  51. Ramachndran, S. & Ray, A. K. (2008). Effect of different processing techniques on the nutritive value of grass pea, Lathyrus sativus L., seed meal in compound for indan major carp rohu, lab eorohita (Hamil ton), fingerlings. Journal of Polish Fisheries, 16: 189-202.
  52. Rezaei, N., Salamat doust-Nobar, R., Maheri Sis, N., Salamatazar Namvari, M., Goli, S. & Aminipour, H. (2011). Evaluation Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Degradibility of Soybean Meal With Gas Product Technique. Annals of Biological Research, 2, 224-22.
  53. Sadeghi, A.A. & P. Shawrang, 2006a. Effect of microwave irradiation on ruminal degradability and in vitrodigestibility of canola meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127, 45-54.
  54. Sadeghi, A.A. & Shawrang, P. (2006b). Effects of microwave irradiation on ruminal protein and starch degradation of corn grain. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127, 113-123.
  55. Sadeghi, A.A. & Shawrang, P. (2008). Effect of microwave irradiation on ruminal dry matter, protein and starch degradation characteristics of barley grain. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 141, 184-194.
  56. SahebiAla, M., Kafilzadeh, F. & Heidary, M. (2012). The effect of physical and chemical treatments of canola seed on crude protein fractions using CNCPS model. In: Proceedings of 5th Iranian Congress On Animal Science, 8-9 Aug,Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran, pp. 258-263.
  57. Saleh, A. A. & El-Adawy, T. A. (2006). Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. Journal of Food Composition Analysis, 19, 806-812.
  58. SAS. (2002). Version 9.1 SAS/STAT user’s guide. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
  59. Shannak, S., Südekum, K. H. & Susenbeth, A. (2000). Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation with in situ and chemical fractionation procedures. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 85, 195-214.
  60. Tagliapietra, F., Cattani, M., Hansen, H.H., Hindrichsen, I.K., Bailoni, L. & Schiavon, S. (2011). Metabolizable energy content of feeds based on 24 or 48 h in situ NDF digestibility and on in vitro 24 h gas production methods. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 170, 182-191.
  61. Theodorou M. K., Williams B. A., Dhanoa M. S., McAllan A. B. & France J. (1994). A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 48, 185-197.
  62. Theurer C.B. (1986). Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 63, 1649-1662.
  63. Thomas R., Tripathi R., Kamat S. D. & Kamat D. V. (2012). Comparative study of phenolics and antioxidant activity of phytochemical of T.CHebula extracted using microwave and ultrasoniation. IJPSR, Vol. 3: 194-197.
  64. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant.Second Edition. Cornel University. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  65. Van Straalen, W. & Tamminga, S. (1990). Protein degradation of ruminant diets, in: Wiseman, J., Cole, D.J.A. (Eds.), Feedstuff Evaluation. Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 55-72.
  66. Vanzant, E. S., Cochran, R. C. & Titgemeyer, E. C. (1998). Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, 76, 2717-2729.
  67. Voragen, A. G. J., Gruppen, H., Marsman, G. J. P. & Mul, A. J. (1995). Effect of some manufacturing technologies on chemical, physical and nutritional properties of feed. In: Garnsworthy, P.C., Cole, D.J.A. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, Pp. 93–126.
  68. Williams, M. R. & Bowler, P. (1982). Starch gelatinization – a morphological study of Triticeae and other starches. Starch, 34, 221-223.
  69. Zhao, S., Xiong, S., Qiu, C. & Xu, Y. (2007). Effect of microwaves on rice quality. Journal of Stored Product Research, 43, 496-502.
  70. Zinn, K. A., Montano, M. & Shen, Y. (1996). Comparative feeding Value of huless vs. Covered barley for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 74, 1187-1193.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,097
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 814


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب