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ارزیابی پایداری خاکدانه ها و تعیین مکانیسم ناپایداری خاک های حوضۀ آبخیز طالقان | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 68، شماره 4، دی 1394، صفحه 691-710 اصل مقاله (872.39 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.56952 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن آرمین* 1؛ حسن احمدی2؛ حسن روحی پور3؛ علی سلاجقه4؛ محمد حسین مهدیان5؛ وجیهه قربان نیا خیبری6 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشگاه یاسوج | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران | ||
| 3دانشیار مؤسسة تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 4دانشیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 5دانشیار پژوهشکدة حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری | ||
| 6دانشجوی دورة دکتری محیط زیست دانشگاه ملایر | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به محدودیتهای موجود در تعیین میزان حساسیت خاک به فرسایش آبی یا فرسایشپذیری خاک از طریق آزمونهای میدانی، کاربردِ روشهای آزمایشگاهی روی نمونههای کوچک خاک (کمتر از 100 گرم)، افزون بر ساده‌بودن، نیازمند هزینه و وقت کمتری است. نتایجِ پژوهشهای مختلف در این زمینه بیانگر آن است که از بین روشهای مختلف آزمایشگاهی، مبنی بر استفاده از خصوصیات خاک، آزمونهای مربوط به ساختمان خاک و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها مؤثرتر است و به آن‌ها بیشتر توجه شده است. در این تحقیق، با تکیه بر مشاهدات و تغییرات ماکروسکوپی در مقیاس واحدهای همگن، در بخشی از خاکهای حوضة آبخیز طالقان، به وسعت 3260 هکتار، 84 نقطه به عنوان نقاط نمونهبرداری خاک انتخاب شد. به منظور تمایز بین مکانیسمهای شکستگی خاکدانه‌ها و ارزیابی رفتار ساختمانی خاکها در شرایط مختلف محیطی، پایداری خاکدانه‌ها با لحاظکردن سه تیمار خیسشدن سریع خاکدانه‌ها، خیسشدن آهستة خاکدانه‌ها و شکستگی ناشی از تکاندادن خاک پس از خیسکردن اولیه و با استفاده از روش لیبیسونایس اندازهگیری شد. اثر اَشکال مختلف فرسایش آبی بر پایداری خاکدانه‌ها نیز با استفاده از شاخص پایداری مرطوب خاکدانه‌ها بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد مکانیسمهای مختلف شکستگی خاکدانه‌ها اثر معنیداری در میزان شکستگی خاکدانه‌ها دارد. مکانیسم ناپایداری خاکهای طالقان فرایند واریختگی است که در اثر فشار هوای محبوسشده در هنگام خیسشدن سریع خاکدانه‌ها ایجاد میشود و این شرایط هنگام وقوع بارانهای شدید روی خاک خشک رخ میدهد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد اختلاف معنیداری بین پایداری مرطوب خاکدانه‌ها در اَشکال مختلف فرسایش آبی وجود ندارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پایداری خاکدانه‌ها؛ طالقان؛ مکانیسم شکستگی خاکدانه‌ها؛ واریختگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of aggregate stability and determination of instability mechanism of marly soils in Taleghan watershed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Armin1؛ Hassan Ahmadi2؛ hasan Rouhipour3؛ Ali Salajegheh4؛ mohammad Hossein Mahdian5؛ Vajihe Ghorban nia kheybari6 | ||
| 1Assistant professor of collage of natural resources, university of Yasuj | ||
| 2Professor of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch | ||
| 3Associated professors of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 4Associated professor of collage of Natural Resources, university of Tehran | ||
| 5Associated professor of Soil conservation and Watershed management Research Institute | ||
| 6Ph.D. student of environmental science of Malayer University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Due to the constraints in determining of soil susceptibility to water erosion or soil erodibility through field tests, use of laboratory methods on small soil samples, are easy to implement and far less expensive and time-consuming. among different laboratory methods based on the soil properties, those relating to aggregate stability have received much attention. In this study, by relying on observations and changes in the macroscopic scale of homogeneous work units in marly soils of taleghan watershed, with 3260 hectares in area, 84 points as the soil sampling points were selected. In order to distinction between aggregate breakdown mechanisms and assessing of soil structural behavior in different environmental conditions, aggregate stability is measured with respect to three treatments fast wetting, slow wetting and stirring after pre-wetting using Le Bissonnais method. Results showed that aggregate breakdown mechanisms have a significant influence on aggregate stability. The instability main mechanism of marly soils in Taleghan watershed is slaking that caused by the compression of entrapped air during fast wetting and this situation can occur during rain storms on dry soils and irrigation flooding. So it seems that the method of agricultural land irrigation can be one of the most important soil erosion factors in the study area. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| aggregate breakdown mechanisms, Taleghan watershed, aggregate stability, marl | ||
| مراجع | ||
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