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تعیین نقش کاربری اراضی در تولید رسوب معلق و کف بر پایۀ منشأیابی رسوب در حوضۀ طالقانی، خرم آباد | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 68، شماره 4، دی 1394، صفحه 751-765 اصل مقاله (920.19 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.56956 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کاظم نصرتی* 1؛ فروزان احمدی2؛ علی اکبر نظری سامانی3؛ محمد رضا ثروتی4 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکدة علوم زمین دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی- مدیریت محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 3دانشیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4استاد دانشکدة علوم زمین دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پدیدة فرسایش خاک از مخربترین پدیدههایی است که موجب خسارتهای فراوان در بسیاری از مناطق می‌شود. از طرفی، کارایی هرچه بیشتر پروژههای حفاظتِ خاک مستلزم آگاه‌بودن از اطلاعاتِ تغییرات زمانی و مکانی رسوبات تولیدی در یک آبخیز است. با توجه به اینکه بخش اعظم رسوب‌های خروجی از یک حوضه طی وقایع زمانی سیلابی انجام می‌شود، تمرکز بر منشأیابی رسوبات حمل‌شده به هنگامِ سیلاب، اعم از بار معلق یا کف، در طراحی نوع عملیات حفاظت خاک بسیار مؤثر است. در این بررسی با تفکیک منابع رسوب در قالب کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی و واحدهای سنگ‌شناسی و با بهره‌گیری از روش منشأیابی رسوب سهم هر یک از منابع رسوب در تولید رسوب حوضة آبخیز طالقانی تعیین شد. بدین منظور، در این مطالعه، 39 نمونه خاک از منابع مختلف در سطح حوضه و 19 نمونه از رسوب تولیدی حوضه (شامل 11 نمونه از رسوبات کف بستر و 8 نمونه از رواناب خروجی حوضه) برداشت شد. یازده عنصر (Fe، Mn، Mg، Zn، Cu، K، Na، P، N، C و Ca) ردیابهای اولیه در نظر گرفته شد. پس از اندازهگیری غلظت ردیابها، با استفاده از آنالیز آماری و تجزیة تابع تشخیص، ردیابهایِ Zn، C، Mg وCa به عنوان ترکیب بهینه برای منشأیابی و تفکیک کاربری‌های اراضی انتخاب شدند؛ در حالی که هیچ ردیابی برای تفکیک واحدهای سنگ‌شناسی از یکدیگر شناسایی نشد. ناتوانی در تفکیک واحدهای سنگ‌شناسی از یک سو به دلیل فقدانِ تنوع (سه سازند) و از سوی دیگر آهکی‌بودن سازند تله‌زنگ و تأثیر بیشتر آن در تولید بار محلول است. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد با استفاده از مدلهای چندمتغیرة ترکیبی، سهم منابع مختلف در تولید رسوب به دست آمد: کشاورزی، مرتع و جنگل به‌ترتیب برابر با 4/53، 4/30 و 2/16 درصد. همچنین، ردیابهای واردشده در مدل ترکیبی مبیّن تأثیر مدیریت کاربری و تفاوت بارز کاربری‌های مختلف در تغییر ترکیب شیمیایی خاک است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حوضة طالقانی؛ ردیابهای شیمیایی؛ فرسایش خاک؛ منابع رسوب؛ منشأیابی رسوب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determining of landuse effects on sediment yield of watershed through sediment fingerprinting technique of suspendedload and bed materials in Taleghani catchment, Khorram Abad | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kazem Nosrati1؛ Frouzan Ahmadi2؛ Ali Akbar Nazari Samani3؛ Mohammad Reza Servati4 | ||
| 1Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil erosion is one of the most destructive phenomena which cause significant ecological changes in many areas. Soil conservation and erosion control is essential because of the irreparable damage caused by soil erosion. Soil conservation programs will not achieve until to find adequate methods of combating land degradation and ways to reduce the sediment. Therefore, we need to have enough knowledge of the sediment sources and identify places to be at high risk to soil erosion. In this study we used fingerprinting technique in the Taleghani catchment, Khorram Abad city, Lorestan Province to determine the contributions of sediment sources including agricultural, rangeland, and forest in sediment yield. In view of this, 39 soil were collected from different sources: agriculture, rangeland, forest and channel bank and 19 sediment samples including 11 samples from bed sediment and 8 samples from suspended runoff, respectively. 11 tracers including C, N, P, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe and Ca were selected as the primary tracers. The results showed that discriminant function analysis were selected Mg, C, Zn and Ca as the optimum set of tracers that can discriminate 3 sediment sources. Mixing model results showed that the contribution of each sediment source is 53.37, 30.37, and 16.26 percent for agriculture, rangeland, and forest, respectively. These results were consistent with the evaluation results of nitrogen and organic carbon stocks. The results of this study can be used in selecting most appropriate erosion control method the study area and generalized to similar areas. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Talaqani catchment, Sediment sources, Soil Erosion, Sediment fingerprinting, Geochemical tracers | ||
| مراجع | ||
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