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الگوی تأمین مسکن گروه‌های کم‌درآمد (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کرج) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 49، شماره 4، دی 1396، صفحه 869-883 اصل مقاله (697.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2016.59110 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه زیاری* 1؛ رحمت‌الله فرهودی2؛ احمد پوراحمد3؛ حسین حاتمی‌نژاد2 | ||
| 1دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، پردیس البرز، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استاد دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از ارائۀ این مقاله، بررسی وضعیت شاخص‌های مسکن و روش تأمین مسکن برای گروه‌های کم‌درآمد در شهر کرج است. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق متون منابع و آمار مرکز آمار و بلوکهای آماری بهدست میآید. کلان‌شهر کرج از سال 1335 تاکنون، رشد جمعیتی و فیزیکی شتابانی را بهعلت مهاجرت‌های ورودی و کم‌درآمد و آسیب‌پذیر سپری کرده که نیاز به تأمین مسکن آن‌ها باید در اولویت برنامه‌ها قرارگیرد. در این شهر 1/44 از واحدهای مسکونی به‌صورت مستأجری و نحوۀ تصرف به‌صورت مالکیت 5/52 درصد است. نیمی از واحدهای مسکونی زیر صد مترمربع مساحت دارند. 1/23 درصد از کل واحدهای مسکونی مستأجری در اختیار گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر و 4/43 درصد متعلق به گروه‌های کم‌درآمد است. برابر محاسبات انجام‌شده در افق 1395، 1400 و 1405 بهترتیب 65,647 واحد مسکونی، 47878 واحد مسکونی و 33637 واحد مسکونی تازهساز برای تأمین مسکن گروه‌های کم‌درآمد نیاز است. خانوارهای کم‌درآمد با توجه به دریافت تسهیلات قرض‌الحسنه همچنان نیازمند کمک دولت هستند که دولت باقیماندۀ هزینۀ مسکن را به‌عنوان کمک بلاعوض پرداخت کند، یا از طریق پرداخت یارانه از محل یارانۀ مسکن یا از طریق خط اعتباری بانک مرکزی تأمین شود، اما با توجه به توان مالی محدود دولت ضروری است، این کمک بلاعوض روی زمین متمرکز شود. الگوی تأمین مسکن گروه هدف یا کم‌درآمد، تهیۀ زمین مورد نیاز از طریق دولت یا شهرداری، تأمین وام و تسهیلات بانکی به متقاضیان، پرداخت باقیماندۀ بهرۀ وام، تأمین آوردۀ متقاضیان، تأمین زمین از بافت‌های فرسوده و حاشیۀ شهر کرج و شهرک‌های اقماری اطراف بهدست میآید. سایر نیازهای آب، برق، تجهیزات و تأسیسات شهری از طریق شورای عالی معماری و شهرسازی تأمین می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برآورد مسکن؛ تأمین زمین؛ تسهیلات بانکی؛ شهر کرج؛ مسکن گروه‌های کم‌درآمد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Patterns for Providing Low Income Groups with Housing (Case Study: Karaj City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Ziari1؛ Rahmatollah Farhodi2؛ Ahmad Pourahmad3؛ Hossien Hataminejad2 | ||
| 1PhD in Geography and Town planning, Alborz International Complex, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Regional Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor of Urban Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The policy of inexpensive housing is new in Iran though some kinds of houses including free houses, supported housing, social housing, renting providing ownership, and Mehr housing are developed in the recent years. Karaj Metropolis as a host for immigrants and a center for industry and workforce in Tehran is in need for housing for low income groups. The main problem of the research is the pattern of providing houses for low income groups in this city. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to examine the patterns to provide housing for the low income groups. Methodology This is a fundamental-developmental research by a descriptive-analytical method. The study area of this research is Karaj City as center of Alborz Province in the vicinity of Tehran, capital of Iran. The variables included in the research are deciles, foundation surface, family dimension, percentage of ownership, percentage of tenants and occupants, cost of house, and bank accommodations. The data have been obtained from Iran Statistical Center. The methods used include statistical techniques of population tenths. In order to estimate financial states of the groups, the indirect function method has been used. In order to define the opportunities, threats, power points and weak points of the low-income groups, quantitative analyses have been performed through indirect method functions and Stone-Garry Function. To estimate and calculate the absolute line of poverty and for the relative line of poverty, SPSS and Excel software have been employed in this study. Results and discussion Based on the last census, 2011, there were 485565 residential units in Karaj. According to this census data, density of residential houses was 27.8 per hectare, number of family were 487043, ratio of family in house was 1.003, people per house was 3.32, density in house was 1.78, and people per room was 1.82. As the difference between the number of the houses and the families is called shortage of the residential unit, the shortage ratio is 0.3. However, house ownership is low and the percentage of lessees is high. This has indicated the need to increase housing for low income groups. In 2011, the houses in the city were mainly made of metal (39.8%), concrete (42.7%), and other kinds of materials (17.5%). Now most of the houses are small in area, i.e., the houses are mainly 51-75 square meter (30%) and less than 50 square meter (5.5%). Half the houses are less than 100 square meters often for the poor and low income groups. The results have indicated that the housing cost of the vulnerable and poor people is 26.2% and 26%, respectively. The costs for 3rd, 6th, 5th, and 4th deciles of the community are 24.9%, 25.8%, 25.8%, and 26.08%, respectively. The housing cost of rich families in Karaj is higher than those of the poor. The cost was 29.3% in average in 2011. Thus, the low income families pay 26% of their income for renting a house or other housing costs. The lands in old textures and marginal suburbs can be used for developing houses for the low income groups. Conclusion The Karaj metropolis has experienced rapid physical and population growth due to migration of the low income groups into the city. Thus, housing development must be highly considered in planning. About 44.2% of the residents rented the houses. The tenure of the houses is as 50% of ownership. Half the houses are less than 100 square meters in area, 23% of the rental houses are occupied by poor families and 43.4% for low income groups. According to the results of the research, the city needs 65647, 47878, and 33637 new houses until 2012, 2016, and 2020. The groups of citizens are in need for government aids from low interest rate loans or housing subsides. However, the poor financial condition of the government for these payments makes it essential to focus on urban lands for these aids. Therefore, the pattern of supplying the houses for the low income groups is presented. This pattern is that the lands in urban old textures and marginal urban lots must be prepared by municipality for housing and the investments should be received by the loans with low interest rate and also by the investment by the groups. The municipal services must also be supplied by the Supreme Council of Architecture. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| patterns of supplying housing, low income groups, housing indices, banking facilities, Karaj City | ||
| مراجع | ||
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