پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,523 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,429 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 123,969,458 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,099,201 |
تابع عرضۀ خانه‌داری زنان متأهل در شهر تهران | ||
| زن در توسعه و سیاست | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 2، تیر 1395، صفحه 141-160 اصل مقاله (264.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jwdp.2016.59197 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| وحید مهربانی* | ||
| استادیار دانشگاه تهران، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در نظریۀ اقتصادی متعارف، به تولید خانگی و خدمات ارائه‌شده در داخل خانوار چندان توجه نمیشود، زیرا آنچه در خانوارها تولید و مصرف میشود ارزش اقتصادی ندارد و در محاسبات ملی اقتصادی وارد نمیشود. این در حالی است که خانواده محل شکلگیری بسیاری از کالاها و خدمات ارزشمند است که در تعیین رفاه مردم جامعه نقشی برجسته دارند و زنان در کانون این بحث‌اند. از‌این‌رو، در این مقاله برای تحلیل فعالیت مهم و ارزشمندی با نام «خانه‌داری»، الگویی جایگزین ارائه میشود که با خصوصیات خانوادۀ ایرانی کمی سازگارتر است. در این تحقیق، از روش پیمایشی و مطالعۀ میدانی استفاده شده است. روش جمعآوری اطلاعات مبتنی بر نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده از زنان متأهل و مراجعه به واحدهای انتخابی بوده است. بر این اساس، تابع عرضۀ خانه‌داری که از الگو به‌دست میآید، با استفاده از نمونهای شامل 409 زن متأهل ساکن شهر تهران با دست‌کم 35 سال، بر‌اساس الگوی رگرسیونی سانسور‌شده، با در نظر گرفتن توزیع لجستیک برای جزء خطای رگرسیون و به روش حداکثر راست‌نمایی تخمین زده شده است. نتایج از این حکایت دارد که درآمد، آموزش، اشتغال و سن زنان و همچنین درآمد خانواده و مدت زندگی زناشویی همگی بر میزان خانه‌داری زنان اثر منفی دارند، اما تعداد فرزندان اثر مثبت را نشان میدهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تخصیص زمان؛ تولید خانگی؛ خانه‌داری؛ درآمد؛ زنان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Housework supply function of married women in Tehran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Vahid Mehrbani | ||
| Assistant Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Conventional economic theory neglects home production and provides services within household because what is produced and consumed within households has not economic value and hence does not enter the national accounts. The main reason of such ignorance is that the home products are not transmitted from market. The history of this viewpoint dates back to the advent of industrialization into the capitalism. Family is a framework for preparation of many worthy commodities in which welfare of individuals is determined while women attend the core of this process. Some economists in the second half of the twentieth century attempted to incorporate housework into the neoclassical theory of labor-leisure choice. Accordingly, this paper also presents an alternative model to analyze such valuable activity called "housework" in which characteristics of Iranian family is more compatible including evident implications. The model leads to a supply function of housework that represents the housework as a negative function of female's wage rate and a positive function of husband's wage and the wife's share from husband's earnings. The method of research is gathering data of married women and analyzing evidence according to econometric equations. These data have been gathered by questionnaire. The housework supply function has been estimated by using a sample that includes 409 married women who reside in Tehran and are at least 35 years old. The estimation is based on logistic distribution function and Maximum Likelihood method. Results suggest that earnings, education, employment and age of women besides family income and marriage duration have negative effect on housework but number of children shows positive impact. As a whole, factors that make market opportunities more attractive tend to lessen the time devoted to housework and vice versa. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| allocation of time, earnings, home production, housework, Women | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] زارتسکی، ایلای (1390). سرمایهداری، خانواده و زندگی شخصی، ترجمۀ منیژه نجمعراقی، تهران: نی. [2] مرکز آمار ایران، سال‌نامۀ آماری استان تهران، سال 1390. [3] مهربانی، وحید (1394). تحلیل اقتصادی آموزش، تهران: سمت. [4] Becker, G. S. (1965). “A Theory of the Allocation of Time”, The Economic Journal, 75(299), pp 493-517. [5] Becker, G. S. (1974). “On the Relevance of the New Economics of the Family”, The American Economic Review, 64(2), pp 317-319. [6] Becker, G. S. (1993). A Treatise on the Family, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [7] Borjas, G. J. (2013). Labor Economics, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. [8] Bryant, W. K. & Zick, C. D. (2006). The Economic Organization of the Household, New York: Cambridge University Press. [9] Eisner, R. (1988). “Extended Accounts for National Income and Product”, Journal of Economic Literature, 26(4), pp 1611-1684. [10] Gronau, R. (1977). “Leisure, Home Production, and Work--the Theory of the Allocation of Time Revisited”, The Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), pp 1099-1123. [11] Gronau, R. (1980). “Home Production-A Forgotten Industry”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), pp 408-416. [12] Gupta, S. (2007). “Autonomy, Dependence, or Display? The Relationship between Married Women’s Earnings and Housework”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, pp 399-417. [13] Hersch, J. & Stratton, L. S. (1994). “Housework, Wages, and the Division of Housework Time for Employed Spouses”, The American Economic Review, 84(2), pp 120-125. [14] Hersch, J. & Stratton, L. S. (1997). “Housework, Fixed Effects, and Wages of Married Workers”, The Journal of Human Resources, 32(2), pp. 285-307. [15] Hersch, J. & Stratton, L. S. (2002). “Housework and Wages”, The Journal of Human Resources, 37(1), pp 217-229. [16] Israel, G. D. (2009). “Determining Sample Size”, University of Florida, Department of Agricultural Education and Communication. [17] Jones, C. (1983). “The Mobilization of Women's Labor for Cash Crop Production: A Game Theoretic Approach”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65(5), pp 1049-1054. [18] Kan, M. Y. (2008). “Does Gender Trump Money? Housework Hours of Husbands and Wives in Britain”, Work, Employment and Society, 22(1), pp 45–66. [19] Keng, S. H. and Lin, C. H. (2005), “Wives’ Value of Time and Food Consumed Away from Home in Taiwan”, Asian Economic Journal, 19(3), pp 319-334. [20] Kooreman, P. and Wunderink, S. (1997). The Economics of Household Behaviour, New York: ST. Martin's Press. [21] Lundberg, S. and Pollak, R. A. (1996). “Bargaining and Distribution in Marriage”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(4), pp 139-158. [22] Michael, R. T. & Becker, G. S. (1973). “On the New Theory of Consumer Behavior”, The Swedish Journal of Economics, 75(4), pp 378-396. [23] Muth, R. F. (1966). “Household Production and Consumer Demand Functions”, Econometrica, 34(3), pp 699-708. [24] Park, J. L. and Capps, O. (1997). “Demand for Prepared Meals by U.S. Households”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 79(3), pp 814-824. [25] Schneider, D. (2009). “Market Income and Household Work: New Tests of Gender Performance Theory”, Princeton University. [26] Solberg, E. J. and Wong, D. C. (1992). “Family Time Use: Leisure, Home Production, Market Work, and Work Related Travel”, The Journal of Human Resources, 27(3), pp 485-510. [27] South, S. J. & Spitze, G. (1994). “Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households”, American Sociological Review, 59(3), pp 327-347. [28] Stratton, L. S. (2003). “Gains from Trade and Specialization: The Division of Work in Married Couple Households”, In Women, Family and Work: Writings in the Economics of Gender, Edited by Karine S. Moe, Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,035 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 766 |
||