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اثر قارچریشه (میکوریز) Glomus mosseae بر بوتهمیری پیتیومی خیار در شرایط تنش شوری | ||
کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 5، شماره 2، آذر 1395، صفحه 139-149 اصل مقاله (525.01 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2016.59914 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حلیه حسینی1؛ ناصر پنجه که2؛ حسین علایی* 3 | ||
1دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل | ||
2دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل | ||
3استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر(عج)، رفسنجان | ||
چکیده | ||
تنش شوری یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای غیرزیستی است که میزان رشد و محصولدهی را در بسیاری از گیاهان محدود مینماید. شوری به علت تأثیر سوء روی گیاه میزبان باعث افزایش حساسیت میزبان، وقوع و توسعه بیماریهای گیاهی میشود. قارچ ریشهها قادرند که تحمل شوری برخی گیاهان را افزایش دهند. در این تحقیق تأثیر بیولوژیکی قارچ Glomus mosseae در کنترل بیماری بوتهمیری خیار با عامل Pythium aphanidermatum مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. همچنین تأثیر غلظتهای مختلف شوری درحضور میکوریز بر میزان رشد، تغذیه گیاه و شدت بیماری بوتهمیری خیار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که قارچ G. mosseae بهطور معنیداری (05/0p≤) باعث کاهش شدت بیماری شد. میانگین شدت بیماری توسط بیمارگر 56 درصد بود، در حالیکه در تیمارهای آغشته به میکوریز کاهشی تا 28 درصد نشان داد. علاوه بر این فاکتورهای رشدی گیاه از جمله طول ریشه و ارتفاع ساقه در تیمارهای آغشته به میکوریز در خاک شور در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرآغشته به میکوریز بیشتر بود که منجر به رشد بهتر گیاه و جذب مواد غذایی توسط ریشهها گردید. با افزایش شوری، مقدار فسفر و پتاسیم بهصورت معنیداری کاهش یافت درحالیکه مقدار سدیم افزایش یافت، اما در تمامی سطوح شوری آزمایششده مقدار فسفر و پتاسیم در گیاهان آغشته به میکوریز بیشتر از گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی بود ولی مقدار سدیم کمتر بود. این نتایج نشان داد که کلنیزاسیون G. mosseae در ریشههای گیاهچه خیار میتواند از اثرات مخرب شوری و بوتهمیری پیتیومی بکاهد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Pythium aphanidermatum؛ تنش؛ تحمل شوری؛ میکوریز؛ همزیستی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Effect of Glomus mosseae on cucumber damping off caused by Pythium under salinity stress | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Helyeh Hosseyni1؛ Naser Panjehkeh2؛ Hossein Alaei3 | ||
1Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
3Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic factors that restrict the growth and yield of many plants. Salinity can increasingly influence the host susceptibility, occurrence and development of plant diseases due to its negative effects on the host plants. Mycorrhizal fungi are able to increase the tolerance of some plants to salinity. In this study, the biological effects of Glomus mosseae were studied against cucumber damping off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Subsequently the effects of different concentrations of salinity in the presence of AM fungus were assessed on the plant growth, the mineral nutrient uptake and also, the disease severity of cucumber damping off on seedlings. The results showed that G. mosseae significantly (P≤0.05) decreased the disease severity. The mean of disease severity caused by the pathogen was 56%, while in treatments inoculated to mycorrhizal showed a reduction to 28%. Furthermore, the plant growth parameters including root length and plant hight increased in treatments inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus as compared with non-mycorrhizal roots in salinity soil. It can be a consequence of more nutrient uptake by roots. Content of P and K was significantly reduced by increasing salinity, whereas the level of Na increased. The plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus increased the nutrient content of P and K as compared to non-inoculated treatment in all levels of salinity, but the content of Na decreased. These results showed that the colonization of cucumber seedling roots by G. mosseae can reduce the deterimental effects of salinity and damping off disease caused by Pythium. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
arbuscular mycorrhizae, Symbiosis, salinity tolerance, Pythium aphanidermatum, Stress | ||
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