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ارزیابی نظامهای کشت نواری ذرت و شبدر در کنترل زیستی کرم ساقهخوار اروپایی ذرت Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 5، شماره 2، آذر 1395، صفحه 211-222 اصل مقاله (641.51 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2016.61199 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| سید علی اصغر فتحی* | ||
| دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کرم ساقهخوار اروپایی ذرت، Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)آفت مهم ذرت در ایران است. در این تحقیق تأثیر تککشتی ذرت و سه نظام کشت نواری شامل سه، شش و نه ردیف ذرت در تناوب با سه ردیف شبدر در تنوع گونهای دشمنان طبیعی O. nubilalis، نسبت تراکم شکارگرها به شکار و درصد تخمها و لاروهای پارازیتهشده آفت در مزارع آزمایشی واقع در منطقه اردبیل در سالهای 1393 و 1394 مطالعه شد. در این تحقیق، هشت گونه شکارگر، پنج گونه پارازیتویید لارو و یک گونه پارازیتویید تخم جمعآوری و شناسایی شدند که در بین آنها Orius niger (Wolff)، Lydella thompsoni Herting، Bracon hebetor Say و Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko درصد فراوانی نسبی بالایی را در نظامهای کشت مورد مطالعه داشتند. شاخص تنوع شانون (H) در هر سه تیمار کشت نواری ذرت و شبدر به‌طور معنیداری بیشتر از تککشتی ذرت بود. مقدار شاخص شباهت تنوع گونهای موریسیتا- هورن (CMH) بین نظام تککشتی ذرت با هر یک از تیمارهای کشت نواری (893/0 ≤ CMH) کمتر از مقدار این شاخص بین سه تیمار کشت نواری ذرت و شبدر (977/0 ≤ CMH) بود. در هر دو سال، نسبت تراکم شکارگرها به شکار و درصد تخمها و لاروهای پارازیتهشده O. nubilalis در هر سه تیمار کشت ردیفی ذرت و شبدر به‌طور معنیداری بیشتر از تککشتی ذرت بود. اجرای نظامهای کشت مذکور در مزارع ذرت گام مهمی در مدیریت O. nubilalis میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پارازیتیسم؛ شکارگری؛ غنای گونه‌ها؛ فراوانی گونه‌ها؛ کشت نواری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of strip-intercropping systems of corn and clover in biocontrol of the European corn worm, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi | ||
| Associate Professor in Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The European corn worm, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) is an important pest of corn in Iran. In this research, the influence of corn monoculture and also, three strip-intercropping systems including three, six and nin rows of corn with three rows of clover were evaluated on the natural enemies diversity of O. nubilalis, the proportion of predators/prey density and finally, the percentage of parasitized eggs and larvae in experimental fields in Ardabil region in 2014 and 2015. In this study, eight predator species, five larval parasitoid species and one egg parasitoid species were collected and identified which amongst them, Orius niger (Wolff), Lydella thompsoni Herting, Bracon hebetor Say and Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko had the high relative abundance in the tested cropping systems. The Shannon diversity index (H) in each of the three intercrops was significantly greater than in corn monoculture. The values of Morisita–Horn index (CMH) between corn monoculture and each of the three intercrops (CMH ≤ 0.893) were lower in comparision with the values of this index among the three intercrops (CMH ≥ 0.977). In two years, the proportion of predators/prey, and the percentage of parasitized eggs and larvae of O. nubilalis in each of the three intercrops were significantly higher than in corn monoculture. Implementation of these cultivation systems in the corn fields is an important step in the management of O. nubilalis. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Parasitism, predators, species abundance, Species richness, strip-intercropping | ||
| مراجع | ||
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