Binary K-Ca exchange on a clay separated from a soil with dominate illite (mica) mineralogy: 1- Effect of depletion-collapse of illite (mica) on the K-Ca selectivity | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| Article 14, Volume 48, Issue 1, April 2017, Pages 149-163 PDF (782.58 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/ijswr.2017.61349 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hassan Towfighi; Maryam Khalilirad* | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Effects of K-depletion on K-Ca exchange equilibiria were studied in a clay separated from a soil with dominant illite (mica) mineralogy. Treatment of clay with NaTPhB+NaCl for periods of 6, 25 and 150 hours resulted in release of 22.1, 30.8 and 40.7% of total K, respectively. K release was much faster at first and then gradually decreased with the time. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay increased with K-depletion, indicating that at least some of the K was released from the interlayers of the clay. Mineral weathering contributed significantly to the total extracted Ca. Thus, exchangeable Ca values overestimated by 31.2 to 76.7% when weathering was neglected. Anion adsorption was found to be more than negative adsorption. Comparison of exchange isotherms of K-Ca with non-preference isotherm indicated that K was preferred over calcium up to ẼK≤0.8 in non-depleted clay and up to ẼK≤0.76 in depleted clays. Slight preference of Ca over K was observed on ẼK>0.8. Comparison of K-depleted clay’s exchange isotherms demonstrated that selectivities of exchangers were not affected by K-depletion. A study of XRD patterns of the K-depleted clays after treatment of the clay with a solution having 0.05 equivalent fraction of potassium showed that during the K-Ca exchange, layers were collapsed, but CEC values of these clays indicated that the layer collapse of the clays were not complete. Apparent K preference was increased with ionic strength, and with dilution of equilibrium solution, more Ca was absorbed. The difference between the two exchange isotherms at the two different ionic strengths was a result of valence-dilution effect. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| K-Ca exchange; K-depleted illite; Ionic strength; NaTPhB; Selectivity | ||
| References | ||
|
Amrhein, C. and Suarez, D. L. (1990). Procedure for determining sodium-calcium selectivity in calcareous and gypsiferous soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 54, 999-1007. Amrhein, C. and Suarez, D. L. (1991). Sodium-calcium exchange with anion exclusion and weathering corrections. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 55, 698-706. Bassett, W. A. (1959). The origin of the vermiculite deposit at Libby. Montana. The American Mineralogist, 44, 282-299. Bernas, B. (1968). A new method for decomposition and comprehensive analysis of silicates by atomic spectrophotometry. Analytical Chemistry, 40, 1682-1687. Bolt, G. H., Sumner, M. E. and Kamphorst, A. (1963). A study of the equilibrium between three categories of potassium in an illitic soil. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, 27, 294-299. Bower, C.A., Reitmeir, R.F. and Fireman, M. (1952). Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science, 73, 251-261. Brown, G. and Newman, A. C. D. (1970). Cation exchange properties of micas III. Release of potassium sorbed by potassium-depleted micas. Clay Minerals, 8, 273-278. Buckley, D.E. and Cranston, R.E. (1971). Atomic absorption analysis of 18 elements from a single decomposition of aluminosilicate. Chemical Geology, 7, 273-284. Chi, C. L., Emerson, W. W. and Lewis, D. G. (1977). Exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sodium and the dispersion of illites in water. I. characterization of illites and exchange reactions. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 28, 243-253. Cho, Y. and Komarneni, S. (2009). Cation exchange equilibria of cesium and strontium with K-depleted biotite and muscovite. Applied Clay Science, 44, 15–20. Chung, J. B., Zasoski, R.G. and Burau, R.G. (1994). Aluminum–potassium and aluminum–calcium exchange equilibria in bulk and rhizosphere. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 58, 1376–1382. Dolcater, D. L., Lotse, E. G., Eyers, J. K. and Jackson, M. L. (1968). Cation exchange selectivity of some clay-sized minerals and soil materials. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, 32, 795-798. Essington, M. E. (2004) Soil and water chemistry: an integrative approach. CRC Press, Boca Raton. FL. USA. Evangelou, V. P. and Lumbanraja, J. (2002). Ammonium–Potassium–Calcium exchange on vermiculite and hydroxy-aluminum vermiculite. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 66, 445–455. Fanning, D.S., Keramidas, V.Z. and El-Desoky, M.A. (1989). Micas. In J. B. Dixon and S. B. Weed. (2nd Ed.), Minerals in Soil Environments. (pp. 551-634). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Feigenbaum, S.; Bar-Tal, A., Portnoy, R. and Sparks, D. (1991). Binary and ternary exchange of potassium on calcareous montmorillonitic soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 55,49-56. Fletcher, P., Sposito, G. and LeVesque, C.S. (1984b). Sodium-calcium-magnesium exchange reactions on a montmorillonitic soil: I. Binary exchange reactions. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 48, 1016–1021. Goulding, K. W. T. (1983). Thermodynamics of potassium exchange in soils and clay minerals. Advances in Agronomy, 36, 215–264. Goulding, K. W. T. and Talibudeen, O. (1980). Heterogeneity of cation exchange sites for K–Ca exchange in aluminosilicates. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 78, 15–24. Goulding, K. W. T. and Talibudeen, O. (1984). Thermodynamics of K-Ca exchange in soils. I. Effects of potassium and organic matter residues in soils from the Broadbalk and Saxmundham Rotation I Experiments. Journal of Soil Science,35, 397-408. Jackson, M. L. (1963). Interlayering of expansible layer silicates in soils by chemical weathering. Clays and Clay minerals, 11, 29-46. Jensen, H.E., K.L., Babcock. 1973. Cation exchange equilibria on a Yolo loam soil. Hilgradia, 41, 475–487. Kozak, L. M. and Huang, P. M. (1971). Adsorption of hydroxyl-Al by certain phyllosilicates and its relation to K/Ca cation exchange selectivity. Clays and Clay minerals, 19, 95-102. Lanyon, L. E. and Heald, W. R. (1982) Magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. In A. L. Page et al. (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. (Part 2). (pp. 247-261). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Le Roux, J. and Rich, C. I. (1969). Ion selectivity of micas as influenced by degree of potassium deplation. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, 33, 684-690. Loeppert, R.H. and Suarez, D.L. (1996) Carbonate and gypsum. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, (pp. 437-474). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Marchuk, A. and Rengasamy, P. (2011). Clay behavior in suspension is related to the ionicity of clay–cation bonds. Applied Clay Science, 53, 754-759. Martin, H. W. and Sparks, D. L. (1983). Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release from two Coastal Plain Soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 47, 883-887. McBride, M. B. (1979). An interpretation of cation selectivity variations in M+- M2+ exchange on clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 27, 417-422. Murdock, L. W. and Rich, C. I. (1972). Ion selectivity in three soil profiles as influenced by mineralogical characteristics. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 36, 167-171. Newman, A. C. D. and Brown, G. (1969). Delayed exchange of potassium for some edges of mica flakes. Nature, 223, 175-176. Norrish, K. (1973). Factors in the weathering of mica to vermiculite. In: Proceeding of the International Clay Conference, 1972., J. M. serratosa (Ed.), Div. de Ciencias, Madrid, pp: 417-432. Pal R. and Poonia, S. R. (1978). Predictive approaches for cation exchange equilibria in soils. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 37, 134-143. Polemio, M. and Rhoades, J. D. (1977). Determining cation exchange capacity: A new procedure for calcareous and gypsiferous soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 41, 524-527. Rausell-Colom, J. A., Sweetman, T. R. L., We lls, B. and Norrish, K. (1965) Studies in the artificial weathering of micas. In E. G. Hallsworth and D. V. Crawford (Ed.), Exprimental pedology. (pp. 40-70). Butterworth, London. Reichenbach, H. G. V. (1968). Cation exchange in the interlayers of expansible layer silicates. Clay Minerals, 7, 331-341. Reichenbach, R. G. V. and Rich, C. I. (1975) Fine-grained micas in soils. In J. E. Gieseking (Ed.), Inorganic soil components (Vol. 2). (pp. 59-95). Springer Veriag, New York. Reynolds, R. C. and Hower, H. (1970). The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 18, 25-36. Rich, C. I. and Black, W. R. (1964). Potassium exchange as affected by cation size, pH, and mineral structure. Soil Science, 97, 384-390. Ross, G. J. (1971). Relation of potassium exchange and fixation to degree of weathering and organic matter content in micaceous clays of podzol soils. Clays and Clay Minerals, 19, 167-174. Sa´nchez-Pastor, N., Aldushin, K., Jordan, G. and Schmahl, W. W. (2010). K+–Na+ exchange in phlogopite on the scale of a single layer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 1954–1962. Saha, U. K., Taniguchi, S. and Sakurai, K. (2001). K/Ca and NH4/Ca selectivity of hydroxyaluminium-interlayered vermiculite and montmorillonite: contribution from regular and frayed edge exchange sites. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 47 (3), 455-466. Sawhney, B. L. (1970). Potassium and cesium ion selectivity in relation to clay mineral structure. Clays and Clay Minerals, 18, 47-52. Sawhney. B. L. (1972). Selective sorption and fixation of cations by minerals: A rewiew. Clays and Clay Minerals, 20, 93-100. Scott, A. D. (1968). Effect of particle size on interlayer potassium exchange in mica.. In: Trans 9th International Congress of Soil. Science. 11 Aust., Adelaide, pp. 649-669. Scott, A. D. and Smiths, S. J. (1967). Visible change in macro mica particles that occur with potassium depletion. Claysand Clay Minerals, 15, 357-373. Shainberg, I., Oster, J. D. and Wood, J. D. (1980). Sodium/calcium exchange in montmorilonite and illite suspensions. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 44, 960–964. Shen, S., Tu, S. I. and . Kemper, W. D. (1997). Equilibrium and kinetic study of ammonium adsorption and fixation in sodium-treated vermiculite. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 61, 1611-1618. Smith, S. J. and Scott, A. D. (1966). Extractable potassium in Grundite illite: 1.Method of extraction. Soil Science, 102, 115-122. Sposito, G. (2008) The Chemistry of Soils (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press. New York. USA. Sposito, G., LeVesque, C. S. and Hesterberg, D. (1986). Calcium-magnesium exchange on illite in the presence of adsorbed sodium. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 50, 905-909. Tucker, B. M. (1985). The partitioning of exchangeable magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to their effects on the dispersion of Australian clay subsoils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 23, 405-416. Whitting, L. D., and Allardice, W. R. (1986). X-ay diffraction techniques. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. (Part 1). (pp. 331-362). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,078 PDF Download: 985 |
||