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بررسی اثر نمک پاشی در جادۀ برف‌گیر بر ترکیب و تنوع گیاهی (مطالعۀ موردی: جادۀ کوهستانی گدار کفنوئیه بافت‌ـ بام کویر ایران) | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 18، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 1396، صفحه 509-521 اصل مقاله (522.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2017.61488 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صدیقه محمدی* 1؛ فاطمه پناهی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه اکولوژی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه علوم مهندسی بیابان، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از نمک به‌عنوان پایین‌آورندۀ نقطۀ انجماد آب در سطح جادههای مناطق کوهستانی کشور استفادۀ طولانی و گسترده دارد. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثر نمکپاشی جاده بر درصد ترکیب گونهای، شاخصهای تنوع و غنای گونهای اکوسیستم مرتعی مجاور جاده در منطقۀ گدار کفنوئیه جادۀ بافت‌ـ کرمان در سال 1395 انجام شد. پس از تعیین یک منطقۀ همگن از نظر شرایط اکولوژیکی در سمتی از جاده که روانابها به آن سو جریان دارند، به نمونهبرداری پوشش گیاهی اقدام شد. نمونهبرداری پوشش گیاهی با استقرار 80 رولوه به‌صورت سیستماتیک در امتداد چهار ترانسکت 150 متری انجام شد. به این‌‌صورت که در هر ترانسکت 10 رولوه (پلات) اول نزدیکتر به هم (هر پنج متر) و 10 رولوۀ دوم دورتر از هم (هر 10 متر) روی ترانسکت استقرار یافتند. پس از استخراج شاخصهای تنوع و غنا بر مبنای حضور داشتن و نداشتن گونهها در محیط نرمافزاری PAST و BIO-DAP، اثر فاصله از مرکز نمکپاشی (جاده) بر کلیۀ شاخصها با آزمون ANOVA یکطرفه و مقایسۀ میانگین دادهها با آزمون چنددامنۀ دانکن بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد در فاصلۀ صفر تا 40 متری از جاده گونههای گیاهی مهاجم کرقیچ، شیرسگ و شیرین‌بیان سهم زیادی از ترکیب گونهای را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. یک نرخ افزایشی معنادار در شاخص چیرگی و برگر (به‌ترتیب 7/86 و 7/98 درصد نسبت به حاشیۀ جاده و 27/18 و 115 درصد نسبت به دورترین نوار از جاده) و کاهشی معنادار در شاخصهای سیمپسون، شانون، مارگاروف، منهینگ و فیشر (به‌ترتیب 2/45، 6/49، 5/38، 6/14 و 2/30 درصد نسبت به حاشیۀ جاده و 4/53 و 5/68، 6/77، 4/51 و 8/76 درصد نسبت به دورترین نوار از جاده) در نوار 40 متری از جاده مشاهده شد که بیان‌کنندۀ غالب‌بودن گونههای محدود با جمعیت زیاد (بیشتر علف شور) بود. گونۀ غالب و بومی مراتع منطقه (درمنۀ کوهی) به همراه سایر گونههای همراه مانند یال اسب و گون زرد از فاصلۀ 50 متر از جاده حضور پیدا کرده و با بیشتر‌شدن فاصله از جاده سهم آنها در ترکیب گیاهی بیشتر شد. براساس یافتههای این پژوهش نمکپاشی جاده به‌دلیل تغییر دادن شرایط اکولوژیک به نفع گونههای مهاجم و شورپسند، شاخصهای غنا، تنوع گونهای را به‌طور معناداری کاهش داده است که این مهم به کاهش توان و آسیبپذیری زیاد اکوسیستمهای مرتعی مجاور منجر خواهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکوسیستم؛ تنوع؛ کرمان؛ کوهستان؛ نمک پاشی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the effect of de-icing salt along snowy road on vegetation composition and diversity (Case Study: mountain road of Godar Kafanooieh of Baft as the roof of Iranian desert) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sedigheh Mohammadi1؛ Fatemeh Panahi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Desert, Department of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| An intense utilization of salt for lowering the freezing point of water in the mountainous areas of Iran country has been applied for a long period. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of road deicing salt on the vegetation composition, species richness and diversity indices in rangeland ecosystems of the area adjacent to Godar Kafanooieh road, Baft-Kerman, Iran in 2016. Sampling of vegetation was carried out after determining a homogeneous area of ecological factors on the side of the road where runoff flowed into it. The establishment of 80 plots based on a systematic sampling of vegetation along the four transects with length of 150 meters was performed. In this regard, the first ten plots on each transect were established every 5 meters and the distances between other plots were 10 meters. After calculating the diversity and richness indices based on presence or absence of species in the PAST and BIO-DAP software, the effect of distance from the salting road was examined by one-way ANOVA test, and mean comparison was analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test. Results from 0 to 40 meters far from the road showed that plant species as Hertia intermedia, Ephorbia larica and Glycyrrhiza glabra have a high proportion of species composition. A significant increasing rate of Dominance and Burger indicators (86.7 and 97.7 percent in comparison to near road and 18.27 and 115 percent in comparison to farthest distance from road (150 meters), respectively) and the decreasing rate of Simpson, Shannon, Margarof, Menhing and Fisher indicators (45.2, 49.6, 38.5, 14.6 and 30.2 percent in comparison to near road and 53.4, 68.5, 77.6, 51.4 and 76.8 percent in comparison to the farthest distance from road (150 meters), respectively) at the 40 meters far from the road indicated the dominance of few species with high population (mostly Salsola inconesense). Native rangeland species (Artemisia aucheri) along with other species such as Stipa barbata and Astragalus parrowianus were observed at 50 meters distance from the road and their contribution to vegetation composition was raised with increasing the distance. According to this research, salt deicing due to changing the ecologic condition for invader and halophyte species, will decrease richness and diversity of species and will also diminish the potential and increase vulnerability of near rangeland ecosystems. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Salting, ecosystem, diversity, mountains, Kerman | ||
| مراجع | ||
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