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شناسایی عوامل قارچی مولد لکه‌برگی گوجهفرنگی و کنترل بیولوژیکی آنها توسط آنتاگونیست‌های ناحیه ریزوسفر گوجهفرنگی در منطقه سیستان | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 6، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 23-39 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2017.62731 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد بیدقی* 1؛ ناصر پنجه که2؛ راضیه رضایی1 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2دانشیار بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور شناسایی و کنترل بیولوژیک عوامل قارچی مولد لکه برگی گوجهفرنگی در منطقه سیستان، طی سالهای ۹۳-۹۲ از مزارع و گلخانههای مختلف نمونه‌برداری به‌عمل آمد. جداسازی و تشخیص گونه‌ها با استفاده از روشهای استاندارد در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. در مجموع ۱۰۲ جدایه قارچی به‌دست آمد که بر اساس خصوصیات ریختشناسی در شش گونه Alternaria alternata، A. dumosa، A. tenuissima، A. mimicula، A. tomaticolaوCladosporium cladosporiodes قرار گرفتند. همه قارچ‌های جداسازی شده روی گوجهفرنگی بیماریزا بودند. در این پژوهش گونه C. cladosporiodes به‌عنوان عامل بیماری روی گوجهفرنگی برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش میشود. به منظور کنترل بیولوژیک بیمارگرها از مجموع ۲۲۰ جدایه قارچی و باکتریایی جدا شده از ریزوسفر گوجهفرنگی، ۱۰ جدایه به روش کشت متقابل توانایی آنتاگونیستی بالایی در برابر قارچ‌های بیمارگر از خود نشان دادند. این جدایهها شامل Trichoderma harzianum، T. virensو B. subtilisبودند. در بررسیهای آزمایشگاهی مشخص شد که T. harzianum، T. virens، BS1 و BS2 دارای اثرات آنتاگونیستی بالاتری بودند که بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی روی A. alternata به‌ترتیب ۶۷/۵۵، ۸۳/۵۲، ۷۱/۵۸ و ۵۷/۵۸ درصد داشتند. به همین دلیل این جدایهها جهت آزمایشهای بیوکنترلی در شرایط گلخانه انتخاب گردیدند. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشهای گلخانهای، جدایههای آنتاگونیست باعث کاهش شدت بیماریزایی و بهبود عملکرد صفات زراعی شدند. در این میان از قارچ‌های آنتاگونیست گونه T. harzianum و از جدایههای باکتریایی، جدایه BS1 عملکرد بهتری را نشان داده بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتاگونیست؛ بیوکنترل؛ لکه برگی گوجهفرنگی؛ Trichoderma؛ Bacillus | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification fungal causing leaf spot on tomato and biological control by the antagonists isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato in sistan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Beydaghi1؛ Naser Panjehkeh2؛ Raziyeh Rezaei1 | ||
| 1Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to identify and biological control of the causal agents of leaf spot on tomato in Sistan area, sampling from different fields and greenhouses have been done during the years of 2013_2014. Isolation and identification of species was achieved by using standard methods in laboratory. Finally, 102 fungi isolates were obtained and placed in 6 species of Alternaria alternate, A. dumosa, A. tenuissima, A. mimicula, A. tomaticola and Cladosporium cladosporiodes based on morphological characteristics. All of the isolated fungi were pathogenic on tomato. In this study, C. cladosporiodes is reported as the factor of disease on tomato for first time in Iran. For the sake of biological control of pathogens, from all 220 isolate of bacteria and fungi isolated from tomato rhizospheres, 10 isolates showed high antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi using dual- culture tests. These isolates were Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens and Bacillus subtilis. In laboratorial studies, it had been revealed that T. harzianum, T. virens, BS1 and BS2 had higher antagonistic effects. The highest inhibitory effect on A. alternata was 55.67, 52.83, 58.71 and 58.57 percent, respectively. Because of this reason, these isolates were selected for biocontrol experiments in greenhouse conditions. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, antagonistic isolates caused a decrease in the intensity of pathogenicity and improved the performance of crop characteristics. Among the antagonistic fungi, T. harzianum, and among the bacterial isolates, BS1 had shown a better result antifungal activity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antagonist, biological control, leaf spot of tomato, Trichoderma, Bacillus | ||
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