پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,759 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,134,340 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,898,690 |
شناسایی عوامل قارچی مولد لکه‌برگی گوجهفرنگی و کنترل بیولوژیکی آنها توسط آنتاگونیست‌های ناحیه ریزوسفر گوجهفرنگی در منطقه سیستان | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 6، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 23-39 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2017.62731 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد بیدقی* 1؛ ناصر پنجه که2؛ راضیه رضایی1 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2دانشیار بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور شناسایی و کنترل بیولوژیک عوامل قارچی مولد لکه برگی گوجهفرنگی در منطقه سیستان، طی سالهای ۹۳-۹۲ از مزارع و گلخانههای مختلف نمونه‌برداری به‌عمل آمد. جداسازی و تشخیص گونه‌ها با استفاده از روشهای استاندارد در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. در مجموع ۱۰۲ جدایه قارچی به‌دست آمد که بر اساس خصوصیات ریختشناسی در شش گونه Alternaria alternata، A. dumosa، A. tenuissima، A. mimicula، A. tomaticolaوCladosporium cladosporiodes قرار گرفتند. همه قارچ‌های جداسازی شده روی گوجهفرنگی بیماریزا بودند. در این پژوهش گونه C. cladosporiodes به‌عنوان عامل بیماری روی گوجهفرنگی برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش میشود. به منظور کنترل بیولوژیک بیمارگرها از مجموع ۲۲۰ جدایه قارچی و باکتریایی جدا شده از ریزوسفر گوجهفرنگی، ۱۰ جدایه به روش کشت متقابل توانایی آنتاگونیستی بالایی در برابر قارچ‌های بیمارگر از خود نشان دادند. این جدایهها شامل Trichoderma harzianum، T. virensو B. subtilisبودند. در بررسیهای آزمایشگاهی مشخص شد که T. harzianum، T. virens، BS1 و BS2 دارای اثرات آنتاگونیستی بالاتری بودند که بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی روی A. alternata به‌ترتیب ۶۷/۵۵، ۸۳/۵۲، ۷۱/۵۸ و ۵۷/۵۸ درصد داشتند. به همین دلیل این جدایهها جهت آزمایشهای بیوکنترلی در شرایط گلخانه انتخاب گردیدند. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشهای گلخانهای، جدایههای آنتاگونیست باعث کاهش شدت بیماریزایی و بهبود عملکرد صفات زراعی شدند. در این میان از قارچ‌های آنتاگونیست گونه T. harzianum و از جدایههای باکتریایی، جدایه BS1 عملکرد بهتری را نشان داده بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتاگونیست؛ بیوکنترل؛ لکه برگی گوجهفرنگی؛ Trichoderma؛ Bacillus | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification fungal causing leaf spot on tomato and biological control by the antagonists isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato in sistan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Beydaghi1؛ Naser Panjehkeh2؛ Raziyeh Rezaei1 | ||
| 1Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to identify and biological control of the causal agents of leaf spot on tomato in Sistan area, sampling from different fields and greenhouses have been done during the years of 2013_2014. Isolation and identification of species was achieved by using standard methods in laboratory. Finally, 102 fungi isolates were obtained and placed in 6 species of Alternaria alternate, A. dumosa, A. tenuissima, A. mimicula, A. tomaticola and Cladosporium cladosporiodes based on morphological characteristics. All of the isolated fungi were pathogenic on tomato. In this study, C. cladosporiodes is reported as the factor of disease on tomato for first time in Iran. For the sake of biological control of pathogens, from all 220 isolate of bacteria and fungi isolated from tomato rhizospheres, 10 isolates showed high antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi using dual- culture tests. These isolates were Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens and Bacillus subtilis. In laboratorial studies, it had been revealed that T. harzianum, T. virens, BS1 and BS2 had higher antagonistic effects. The highest inhibitory effect on A. alternata was 55.67, 52.83, 58.71 and 58.57 percent, respectively. Because of this reason, these isolates were selected for biocontrol experiments in greenhouse conditions. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, antagonistic isolates caused a decrease in the intensity of pathogenicity and improved the performance of crop characteristics. Among the antagonistic fungi, T. harzianum, and among the bacterial isolates, BS1 had shown a better result antifungal activity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antagonist, biological control, leaf spot of tomato, Trichoderma, Bacillus | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agrios GN (2005) Plant Pathology. 5th Ed, New York: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 237-242.
Alwathnani AH, Perveen k (2012) Biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by antagonist fungi and cyanobacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(5): 1100-1105.
Baker R, Elad Y, Chet I (1984) The controlled experiment in the scientific methods with emphasis on biological control. Phytopathology 74(9): 1019- 1021.
Bashar MA, Rai B (1994) Antagonistic potential of root region microflora of chickpea against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. Bangladesh Journal Botany 23: 13-19.
Benitez T, Carmen Limon M, Codon AC, Rincon AM (2004) Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Journal of Microbiology 7: 249-260.
Bissett J (1991) Arevision of the genus Trichoderma. II infragenic classification, Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 2357-2372.
Burmeister L (2008) The antagonistic mechanisms employed by Trichoderma harzianum and their impact on the control of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. PhD thesis, Leibniz Universita¨t Hannover.
Cardona R, Rodriguez H (2006) Effects of Trichoderma harzianum fungus on the incidence of the charcoal rot disease on sesame. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia 23: 42-47.
Change Y, Baker C, Klifeld R, Chet I (1986) Increased growth of plants in the presense of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Disease 70: 145-148.
Chen Y, Yan F, Chai Y, Liu H, Kolter R, Losick R, Guo JH (2013) Biocontrol of tomato with disease by Bacillus subtilis isolates from natural environments depends on conserved genes mediating biofilm formation. Environ Microbiology 15(3): 848-864.
Davet P (1979) Technique pour lanalyse des population de Trichoderma et de Gliocladium virens dans le sol. Annuals Phytopathology 11: 529-533.
De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer K, Whitman WB (2009) Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology. 3rd Ed., Springer, 1422p.
Dennis C, Webester j (1971) Antagonist properties of species group of Trichoderma 111. Hyphal interaction. Transaction of the British Mycological Society 57: 363-369.
Emmert EAB, Handelsman J (1999) Biocontrol of plant disease. a (Gram-) positive perspective. Fems Microbiology Letters 171: 1-9.
Ershad J (2009) Fungi of Iran. Third edition, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Publishers. PP. 326-342. (in Persian)
Fahy PC, Persley GJ (1983) Plant Bacteria Diseases: A Diagnostic Guide. Australia: Academic Press, 392 P.
Fravel DR (2005) Commercialization and implementation of biocontrol. Phytopathology 43:337–59.
Garampalli RH, Ravikumar MC (2013) Antifungal activity of plants extracts against Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight of tomato. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46 (16): 1897-1903.
George B, Kaura C, Khurdiya DS, Kapoor HC (2004) Antioxidants in tomato (Lycopersium esculentum) as a function of genotype. Foodchemistry 84: 45-51.
Gharaei Z, Roustaei A, Etebarian HR (2007) Evaluation of biological control of charcoal rot melons Tassi (Goid) Macrophomina phaseolina by isolates of Bacillus, 2nd National Congress of Ecological Agriculture 1847-1872. (In Persian).
Ghasemi S, Ahmadzade M, Torabi S (2013) Biological control of tomato rot by strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens UTPF68 and B. subtilis UTB96. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 44 (2): 299-305. (In Persian).
Gholi Zade H, Ebad Zade H, Hatami F, Hossin Poor R, Mohiti Z, Rezaei MM, Fazli B, Rafei M (2011) Agricultural statistics. http://amar.maj.ir. (in Persian)
Ghoosta Y, Ershad J, Zare R, mohammadigoltapeh A (2003) taxonomic study Alternaria species in Iran. Rostaniha (4): 21. (in Persian)
Hajipour Jarchlou Z, Ghoost Y, Rezaei S (2012) Study of Alternaria species of tomato and potato disease in West Azerbaijan province. Iranian Journal Of Plant Protection Science. 44 (1): 155-163. (in Persian)
Hoffman DD, Diers BW, Hartman GL, Nickell CD, Nelson RL, Pedersen WL, Cober ER, Graef GL, Steadman JR, Grau CR, Nelson BD, del Rio LE, Helms T, Anderson T, Poysa V, Rajcan I, Stienstra WC (2002) Selected soybean plant introductions with partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Disese 86: 971-980.
Howell CR (2003) Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of Plant diseases. Plant Disease 87(1): 4 -10.
Idnurm A, Howlett BJ (2001) Pathogenicity genes of phytopathogenic fungi. Molecular Plant Pathology 2(4): 241-255.
Imtiaj A, Lee T (2008) Antagonistic effect of three Trichoderma species on the Alternaria porri pathogen of onion blotch. World Journal Agricalture Science 4: 13-17.
Karthikeyan M, Radhika K, Bhaskaran R, Mathiyazhagan S, Sandosskumar R, Velazhahan R, Alice D (2008) Biological control of onion leaf blight disease by bulb and foliar application of powder formulation of antagonist mixture. Archives Phytopathology and Plant Protection 41(6): 407-417.
Kleifeld O, Chet I (1992) Trichoderma harzianum – interaction with plants and effect on growth response. Plant Soil 14(4): 267-272.
Mathur K, Shekhawat KS (1986) Chemical control of early blight in kharif sown tomato. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 16(2): 235-236.
Michael A, Nelson PE (1972) Antagonistic effect of bacteria on Fusarium roseum "culmorum" from carnation. Phytopathology 62: 1052-1056.
Mokhtar H, Dehimat A (2012) Antagonism capability in vitro of Trichoderma harzianum against some pathogenic fungi. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North American3(11):452-460.
Nicknejad Kazempour M, Sharifi Tehrani A, okhowah M (1999) Effect of antagonist fungi Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tomatoes lycopersici under greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2(3): 31-37. (in Persian)
Ogorek R, Lejman A, Pusz W, Mituch A, Miodynska P (2012) Characteristics and taxonomy of Cladosporium fungi. Mikologia Lekarska 19(2): 80-85.
Ongena M, Jacques P (2008) Bacillus lipopeptides: versatile weapons for plant disease biocontrol. Trends In Microbiology 16(3): 115-125.
Pandey A (2010) Antagonism of Two Trichoderma Species against Alternaria alternata on Capsicum frutescens. Journal of Experimental Sciences 5(1): 18-19.
Prakasam V, Sharma P (2012) Trichoderma harzianum (Th-3) a potential strain to manage the purple blotch of onion (Allium cepa L.) caused by Alternaria porri under north Indian plains. Journal of Agriculture Science 4(10): 266-272.
Rivas S, Thomas CM (2005) Molecular interactions between tomato and the leaf mold pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. Annual Review of Phytopathology 43: 395-436.
Romero D, Cazorla FM, Perez-Garcia A, De Vicente A, Bloemberg G (2007) Isolation and characterization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strains from the avocado rhizoplane displaying biocontrol activity. Journal of Applied Microbiology 5(103): 1950- 1959.
Sabaratnam S, Traquair J (2002) Formulation of a Streptomyces biocontrol agent for the suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off in tomato transplants. Biological control 23(3): 245-253.
Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chum W (2001) Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, 3rd edn. APS, St. Paul, Minn.
Shahnaz E, Razdan V, Rezwi S, Rather T, Gupta S, Andrabi M (2012) Integrated disease management of foliar blight disease of onion: a case study of application of confounded factorials. Journal of Agriculture Science 5(1): 17-22.
Simmons EG (2007) Alternaria: an identification manual. The American Phytopathological Society.pp. 500-510.
Vries GA (1952) Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium. Link ex Fr. CBS, Baarn.
Weller DM (1988) Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizospher with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26: 379-407.
Xu LH, Xie GL, Li B, Zhu B (2008) First report of pear blossom blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in china. Plant Disease 92(5): 832- 833. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 769 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 832 |
||