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Mohammadi, M., Movahedi, A., Salehi, H., Safavi Homami, S. (2017). The Effect of Easy and Difficult Goal Setting on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Free Throws in Children with Mental Retardation. , 9(3), 385-404. doi: 10.22059/jmlm.2017.138388.1011
Mohadeseh Mohammadi; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Hamid Salehi; Shila Safavi Homami. "The Effect of Easy and Difficult Goal Setting on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Free Throws in Children with Mental Retardation". , 9, 3, 2017, 385-404. doi: 10.22059/jmlm.2017.138388.1011
Mohammadi, M., Movahedi, A., Salehi, H., Safavi Homami, S. (2017). 'The Effect of Easy and Difficult Goal Setting on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Free Throws in Children with Mental Retardation', , 9(3), pp. 385-404. doi: 10.22059/jmlm.2017.138388.1011
Mohammadi, M., Movahedi, A., Salehi, H., Safavi Homami, S. The Effect of Easy and Difficult Goal Setting on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Free Throws in Children with Mental Retardation. , 2017; 9(3): 385-404. doi: 10.22059/jmlm.2017.138388.1011

The Effect of Easy and Difficult Goal Setting on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Free Throws in Children with Mental Retardation

رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی
Article 4, Volume 9, Issue 3, October 2017, Pages 385-404    PDF (242.21 K)
Document Type: Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
DOI: 10.22059/jmlm.2017.138388.1011
Authors
Mohadeseh Mohammadi1; Ahmadreza Movahedi* 2; Hamid Salehi3; Shila Safavi Homami3
1MSc of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Goal setting is a motivational item  that is usually used for enhancing sport skills learning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of easy versus difficult goals on acquisition and retention of basketball free throws in educable children with mental retardation (AWMR). A total of twenty one AWMR educable students (aged between 8 and 13) were assigned to either a difficult or easy goals group. Participants exercised the task for nine sessions across acquisition phase. Both groups performed a pretest before the acquisition sessions. Acquisition tests were taken during acquisition phase, and immediate and delayed retention tests were also taken after 2 and 10 days of no practice respectively. We performed statistical analyses with a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and an independent t test. Results showed that easy goal setting group significantly improved their performance in acquisition and retention phases (P<0.05) while difficult goal setting group showed no improvement in their performance. These findings suggest that setting easy goals instead of difficult goals improves the performance of basketball free throws in children with mental retardation
Keywords
Acquisition; basketball free throw; difficult goal setting; easy goal setting; mental retardation; retention
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