پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,228 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,741 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,072,310 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,801,780 |
اثر پوزولانهای طبیعی و فشردگی خاک در کنترل فرسایش مارنها با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران صحرایی (مطالعۀ موردی: منطقۀ اسلامقلعه، خراسان رضوی) | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 70، شماره 3، آذر 1396، صفحه 619-632 اصل مقاله (907.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2017.206591.1007 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی بشیری* 1؛ سیده مائده کاوسی داودی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، خراسان رضوی، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش خاک بر سلامت آبخیزها اثر گذاشته و پیامدهای منفی متعددی بهدنبال دارد. مارن از سنگهای حساس به فرسایش است که به دلیل ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی خاص، استقرار پوشش در آنمشکل و لذا نیازمند مدیریت است. یکی از روشهای بهسازی خاک، فشردگی دینامیکی است که با دستگاههایی مانند غلتکها اعمال میشود. افزودن پوزولان نیز جهت تغییر خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی خاک، از دیگر روشهای اصلاحی است،چرا که پوزولانها، در حضور آب به صورت مواد پایدار غیرحلال، از خود خاصیت گیرشی بروز میدهند. لذا در این پژوهش تلاش گردید تا نقش میزان فشردگی خاک (با غلتک استوانهای صاف به وزنهای 0، 20، 25، 30 و 35 کیلوگرم) و افزودن پوزولانهای طبیعی (به میزان 0، 50، 100، 150 و 200 گرم در مترمربع) از نوع پومیس تفتان بر تثبیت مارنها در منطقۀ اسلامقلعه خراسان رضوی ارزیابی شود. طرح آزمایشی در قالب فاکتوریل با سه تکرار و مجموعاً 75 پلات صحرایی 30 در30 سانتیمتری تحت بارشی 10 دقیقهای با شدت 8/0 میلیمتر در دقیقه و در شیب ۵/۱۵ درجه اجرا شد. نتایج تحلیل آماری در سطح اعتماد 95 درصد نشان داد که با در نظر گرفتن توأم سه متغیر رواناب، تولید و غلظت رسوب، اثرات اصلی تیمارهای فشردگی خاک و پوزولان معنادار (000/0sig.=) و اثر ترکیبی آنها غیرمعنادار (780/0sig.=) است. تیمار فشردگی خاک اثر معنیدار (000/0sig.=) و افزایشی بر تولید رواناب و رسوب دارد، اما اثر تیمار پوزولان بر رسوب کاهشی و معنیدار (000/0sig.=) بوده و بر رواناب اثر معنیداری ندارد (709/0sig.=). همچنین اثر ترکیبی دو تیمار بر متغیرهای رواناب، تولید و غلظت رسوب، غیرمعنیدار به دست آمد. لذا فشردگی خاک به دلیل تخریب سله سطحی و ساختمان مارنها مناسب نبوده اما با توجه به بهای پایین و در دسترس بودن پوزولانهای طبیعی، برای عملیات تثبیت مارنها به عنوان گزینهای اقتصادی و مناسب پیشنهاد میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تثبیت مارن؛ رسوب‌زایی؛ شبیه‌ساز باران؛ فرسایش خاک؛ خراسان رضوی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effects of natural pozzolans and soil compaction on marls erosion control using field rainfall simulator (Case study: Islam-Qaleh region, Razavi-Khorasan) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mehdi bashiri1؛ Seyede Maedeh Kavousi Davoudi2 | ||
| 1university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The soil erosion affects watershed health and lead to different negative consequences.Marl is an erosion sensitive rock that due to its special physicochemical characteristics,establishment of vegetation on it is difficult,so,it needs to management.One of the soil improvement methods is dynamic compaction,which applies using devices such as rollers.Also,adding pozzolan is another method for soil improvement to modify its physical and mechanical properties.Because the pozzolan in the presence of water,show adhesive properties in a stable and non-solvent form.Therefore,this study tried to evaluate the roles of soil compaction(using rollers having weights of 0,20,25,30and35Kgs)and adding natural pozzolan(in values of 0,50,100,150and200g/m2)in the taftan-pumice type on marl stabilization in Islam-Qaleh region of Razavi-Khorasan.A factorial experimental design done with3replications and totally75field plots with an area equal to30*30centimeters exposed to a rainfall with a10minutes duration and0/8Mm per minute intensity with a slope of15/5°.The results of statistical analysis in the95%confidence level showed that considering runoff,sediment load and sediment concentration variables together,the main effects of soil compaction and pozzolan treatments are significant(sig.=0/000)but their interaction effect isn’t significant(sig.=0/780).Soil compaction treatment has an increasing and significant effect(sig.=0/000)on runoff and sediment production. But the pozzolan treatment showed decreasing and significant effect (sig.=0/000) on sediment and no significant effect (sig.=0/709) on runoff. Also, the interaction effect of 2 treatments on runoff and sediment was not significant. Therefore, the soil compaction due to degradation of surface sealing and marls structure is not suitable, but according to low price and availability of natural pozzolan, for marls stabilization operations, is suggested as an economic and appropriate option. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Marl Stabilization, sedimentation, Rainfall simulator, Soil erosion, Razavi-Khorasan | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. Abbasi, N. (2005). The geologic-erosional Classification of marls in Qezel-ozan-Sofla watershed, Final report of research project, soil conservation and watershed management research institute, Tehran (in Persian). [2]. Amiri, M. and Peyrovan, H.R. (2010). The relation between erosion type and physicochemical characteristics of marls in Hamadan province, Journal of science,kharazmi university, 10(2), 729-746 (in Persian). [3]. Arnaez, J., Lasanta, T., Ruiz-Flano, P. and Ortigosa, L. (2007). Factors affecting runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall in Mediterranean vineyards, Soil and Tillage Research, 93, 324-334. [4]. Arsham, A. (1996). A comparison of runoff and sediment in different geological formations using rainfall simulator (case Study: Abolfars watershed, Ramhormoz-Khuzestan), M.Sc. Thesis in watershed management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran (in Persian). [5]. Asadi, H. (2011). Multiparametric fingerprinting technique for sediment source ascription, Final report of research project, Gilan regional water organization, research committee (in Persian). [6]. Asadi, H., Ghadiri, H., Rouhipour, H. and Rose, C. (2006). Interaction between rain and runoff processes during rainstorm erosion events, In Proceeding of 14th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, 14-19 May 2006, Morocco, Marrakech, 5 pp. [7]. Asgarian, R., Kavian, A. and jafarian, Z. (2013). The effect of slope on soil loss using rainfall simulator, 3rd student-national conference on range, watershed and desert, 27 February 2013, Tehran, Iran, 6 pp (in Persian). [8]. ASTM C618-15 (2015). Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, DOI: 10.1520/C0618-15. [9]. Bashari, M., Moradi, H.R., Kheirkhah, M.M. and Jafari-Khaledi, M. (2013). Temporal variations of runoff and sediment in different soil clay contents using simulated conditions. Soil & Water Res., 8: 124-132. [10]. Boix-Fayos, C., Calvo-Cases, A., Imeson, A.C., Soriano-Soto, M.D. and Tiemessen, I.R. (1998). Spatial and short-term temporal variations in runoff, soil aggregation and other soil properties along a mediterranean climatological gradient, Catena, 33, 123-138. [11]. Cheshmi, A. (1997). Land Improvement using Dynamic Compaction, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University (in Persian). [12]. Emami, N. and Ghazavi, M. (2001). Landslide and slope failures due to saturated soft soil: A case study, In: Soft Soil Engineering (eds Lee et al), pp. 103-109. Swets & Zeitingor, Hong Kong. [13]. Esmaeelnezhad, L., Seyedmohammadi, J. and Shabanpour, M. (2012). Effects of chemical and mineralogical properties of marls on different erosion types in the south of Guilan province, Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 98, 2-14 (in Persian). [14]. Esmaeilpoor, A. (1996). Study of marls in the littoral of urmia Lake and determination of their sensitivity to water erosion, Imam-khomeini Higher education center, Tehran (in Persian). [15]. Famili, H., Baqeri, A.R. and Irajian, M. (2001). Pozzolanic and slag materials and their use in the cement and concrete industry, 1st internationnal conference on Concrete and Development, 30 April -2 May 2001, Tehran, Iran (in Persian). [16]. Faraahi, G., Khodashenas, S. and Alizadeh, A. (2011). Estimation of sediment in North Khorasan province watersheds by using fuzzy regression, Iran-Watershed Management Science & Engineering Journal, 5(15), 11-24 (in Persian). [17]. Faulkner, H. (2013). Badlands in marl lithologies: A field guide to soil dispersion, subsurface erosion and piping-origin gullies, Catena, 106, 42-53. [18]. Feiznia, S. (1995). Rocks resistant to erosion in different climates of Iran, Iranian journal of natural resources, 47, 95-116 (in Persian). [19]. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using Spss, 3rd Edition, Sage Publications Ltd, London, 856 pp. [20]. Geissen, V., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Kampichler, C., Ramos-Reyes, R., Sepulveda-Lozada, A., Ochoa-Goana, S., de Jong, BHJ., Huerta-Lwanga, E. and Hernandez-Daumas, S. (2009). Effects of land-use change on some properties of tropical soils-An example from Southeast Mexico, Geoderma, 151, 87-97. [21]. Ghossain, E.F. and Foster, M.J. (1978). Erosion and Analytical Characteristics of Superficial Forms Exemplified by Alaska Vineyards, Geographique, WP Pub, Strasbourg. [22]. Hasanzade-Nafuti, M., Feiznia, S., Ahmadi, H., Pierovan, H.R. and Ghayumian, J. (2009). Investigation of effects of marl physical and chemical characteristics on sediment yield using rain simulator physical model, Scientific Research Journal of Engineering Geology of Iran, 1, 35-48 (in Persian). [23]. Hemmati., M. (2000), Study of The relation between watersheds sedimentation and lithology and effective precipitation factors(case study: Qom,Qareh-Chaay, Urmia and Central-Mazandaran watersheds), M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of natural resources, Tehran University (in Persian). [24]. Imeson, A.C. (1982). The relationship of soil physical and chemical properties to the development of badlands in morocco, In: Badland geomorphology and piping (Eds: Bryan, R.B. and Yair, A.), pp: 44-70. GeoBooks, Norwich, 408 pp. [25]. Jalal, J. and Hassan, Sh. (2010). Monthly runoff estimation using artificial neural network, ICTT Conference 2010, College of Engineering, Trivandrum , Kerala State, India: 7pp. [26]. Kamphorst, A. (1987). A small rainfall simulator for the determination of soil erodobility, Netherland, Journal of agricultural Sciences, 35, 407-415. [27]. Kavian, A., Azmodeh. A., Soleimani, K. and Vahabzadeh, Gh. (2010). Effect of Soil Properties on Runoff and Soil Erosion in Forest Lands Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 63(1), 89-104 (in Persian). [28]. Khamechian, M. (1990). Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of marl-clay stones, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of earth Science (in Persian). [29]. Marques, M.J., Bienes, R., Jimenez, L. and Perez-Rodriguez, R. (2007). Effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil erosion under light intensity events. Rainfall simulation over USLE plots, Science of The Total Environment, 378, 161-165. [30]. Mehravaran, M., Sohrabi, M.R. (2010). Improvement the concrete properties containing Taftan pozzolan using nanosilica, 5th National Congress on Civil Engineering, 4-6 May 2010, Mashhad, Iran, 7pp (in Persian). [31]. Mesbah-Irandoost, F. (2007), Concrete technology and laboratory, Shahrashoob Publishing, Tehran, 584 pp. [32]. Meyer, L.D. (1994). Rainfall simulators for soil conservation research, In: Soil Erosion Research Methods (Eds Lal, R. and Soil and Water Conservation Society (U.S.)), pp: 83-103. Iowa, Ankeny, 340 pp. [33]. Mosaedi, A., Mohammadi, A., Najafinejad, A., and Yaghmaiee, F. (2006). Optimization of the relation between flow discharge and suspended sediment discharge in selected hydrometric stations of Gorgan river. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 59(2): 331-343. (in Persian). [34]. Noori-labeh, A., Bannaye-Zirakkar., S. and Alizadeh-Rafie, B. (2007). Determination of the best percentage for lime to improve the Tabriz Marl soil, 3rd National Congress on Civil Engineering, 1-3 May 2007, Tabriz, Iran, 7pp (in Persian). [35]. Owusu-Asante, Y. and Stephenson, D. (2006). Estimation of storm runoff loads based on rainfall-related variables and power law models- Case study in Alexandra, Water SA, 32 (2): 7pp. [36]. Peyrovan, H.R., Jafari-Ardakani, H., Qayoomian, J. Shariat-jafari, M. (2006). Improvement of Marl stabilization in order to control erosion and runoff, 4th Iranian Conference of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 23-25 February 2006, Tehran, Iran, 10pp (in Persian). [37]. Poormatin, V. and Qadimi-Aroos Mahale, F. (1999). Identification and classification of Marls in the Tafresh region, Research project, Natural Resources Research Center of jahad-Sazandegi (in Persian). [38]. Qabezlou, S. (2001). Improvement the mechanical properties of marl soil using pozzolan, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University (in Persian). [39]. Qadimi-Aroos mahale, F., Poormatin, A. and Qoddousi, J. (1999). The Effect of physical and chemical properties of Marl on types of erosion,1stIranian Conference of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 11-14 October 1999, Tehran, Iran, 11pp (in Persian). [40]. Refahi, H. (2003). Soil erosion and control, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 551pp (in Persian). [41]. Roswell, C.J. (2002). Potential sources of sediments and nutrients: Sheet and rill erosion and phosphorus sources, state of the environmental, technical paper series, Australia. [42]. Salmasi R. and Ahmadi, H. (2012). A relationship between some properties of marls and different types of erosions in talkheh-rood watershed, Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 2(3), 11-23 (in Persian). [43]. Seeger, M. (2007). Uncertainty of factors determining runoff & erosion processes as quantified by rainfall simulations, Catena, 71, 56-67. [44]. Shaban, M., Feiznia, S., Ahmadi, H., Peyrovan, H.R. and Haaj-Hashemi, M.R. (2011). Study of the erosion rate and sedimentation in marl units around the Taleghan Dam’s Lake, 7thIranian Conference of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 6-8 September 2011, Shahrood, Iran, 10pp (in Persian). [45]. Shahvaqar-Asl, H. (2014). Study of the Tabriz Marl soil stabilization using tire powder as a recycled stabilizer of old tire, M.Sc. Thesis. University of Tabriz, College of Civil Engineering (in Persian). [46]. Shaw H. F. (1981). Mineralogy and petrology of argillaceous sedimentary of U.K., Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 14, 277-290. [47]. Zare-Khormizi, M., Najafinejad, A., Noura, N. and Kavian, A. (2012). Effects of slope and soil properties on runoff and soil loss using rainfall simulator, (Chehel-chai watershed, Golestan province), Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 19(2), 165-178 (in Persian). [48]. Zhang, M.k., Wang, L.P. and HE, Zh.l. (2007). Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen exported by runoff from sandy agricultural soils, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19, 1086-1092. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 466 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 483 |
||