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بررسی تأثیر چرای دام بر مؤلفههای تنوع گیاهی مراتع نیمهخشک کشور | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 70، شماره 3، آذر 1396، صفحه 723-734 اصل مقاله (1.09 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2017.113281.803 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا امیدی پور1؛ رضا عرفانزاده* 2؛ مرزبان فرامرزی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترایدانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس مرتع، دانشگاه شهرکرد | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چرای شدید دام یکی از مخربترین عوامل در عرصۀ مراتع نیمهخشک کشور است که باعث کاهش تنوع و از بین رفتن برخی از گیاهان حساس به چرا میگردد. از طرف دیگر با توجه به تغییرپذیری الگوی پراکنش گونههای گیاهی در مقیاس‌های مختلف، لزوم استفاده از مقیاس در ارزیابیهای تنوع ضروی است. بنابراین این تحقیق با استفاده از روش تقسیمبندی افزایشی به بررسی تأثیر چرای دام روی مؤلفههای تنوع در مقیاس‌های گوناگون در مراتع غرب کشور در ایلام میپردازد. بدین منظور نمونهبرداری از 40 پلات 4 مترمربعی در 8 سایت مرتعی شامل 4 سایت قرق و چهار سایت در حال چرا انجام گرفت. بر اساس روش تقسیمبندی افزایشی کل تنوع به مؤلفههای افزایشی درون و بین نمونهها (پلات و سایت) تقسیمبندی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع بین سایت (بتا2) دارای بیشترین سهم از تنوع کل بود که نشان دهندۀ تفاوت در ترکیب بین سایتها و اهمیت این مقیاس برای امور حفاظتی است. همچنین اعمال قرق سبب افزایش تنوع گونهای در سطح پلات (آلفا 1 و بتا1) گردید، در حالی که سبب کاهش تنوع گونهای در مقیاس سایت (تنوع بین سایتها یا بتا2) شد. بنابراین الزاماً قرق کردن مراتع منجر به افزایش تنوع بهویژه در سطوح وسیعتر نخواهد شد. همچنین قرق دراز مدت میتواند منجر به افزایش یکنواختی و افزایش رقابت بین گیاهان شده و در نهایت تنوع گونهای را کاهش دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چرای دام؛ تنوع گونهای؛ تقسیمبندی افزایشی؛ مرتع؛ ایلام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the effect of Livestock Grazing on Plant Species Diversity Components in Semi-arid regions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza midipour1؛ Reza Erfanzadeh2؛ Marzban Faramarzi3 | ||
| 1u | ||
| 2u | ||
| 3u | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Intensive livestock grazing is one of the most important destructive factors in rangelands that leads to decrease of diversity and causes disappearance of sensitive plants. On the other hand, considering the scales in assessment of diversity is very importance to study the variability of plant diversity patterns in different scales. Therefore, current study aimed to investigate the impact of livestock grazing on diversity components in different scales using additive partitioning methods in western country rangelands in the Ilam province. Sampling was carried out in 40 plots of 4m2 in 8 rangeland sites including 4 exclosures and 4 grazing sites. Based on additive partitioning diversity methods, the total diversity was partitioned into additively components within and among samples. The results showed that diversity among sites (β2) had the highest contribution of total diversity that indicated the importance of this scale for conservation practices, and it was due to the variation of composition between sites. In addition, the results represented that exclosure in the semi-arid areas can increase diversity at plot scale, while in the regional scales (diversity among sites or β2) livestock grazing leads to increase in diversity. Therefore, exclosure of rangelands does not necessarily lead to increase in diversity. Also, long terms exclosure can lead to increase evenness that resulting in increasing competition among plants, therefore it could decrease plant diversity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Livestock grazing, species diversity, additive partitioning, Rangeland, Ilam | ||
| مراجع | ||
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