پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 154 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 5,823 |
| تعداد مقالات | 63,948 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 106,173,760 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 83,080,764 |
نقش خاکپوش سطحی زغال زیستی حاصل از پسماند کارخانه‌های لبنی بر نفوذ و رواناب در کرت‌های کوچک آزمایشگاهی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 19، دوره 48، شماره 4، آذر 1396، صفحه 905-916 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.220286.667572 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدحسین قویمی پناه1؛ سیدحمیدرضا صادقی* 2؛ حبیب الله یونسی3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2استاد/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس | ||
| 3تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده سودمند از پسماندها در شکل‌ها و اهداف مختلف و از جمله مدیریت رواناب، راه‌کاری مناسب و زمینه‌ساز دستیابی به توسعه پایدار می‌باشد. در این راستا تبدیل پسماندهای صنعتی به زغال زیستی و کاربرد آن به‌صورت خاکپوش با هدف بهبود شرایط خاک برای افزایش نفوذ آب می‌تواند راه‌کاری زیستی- اقتصادی باشد. بر همین اساس، پژوهش حاضر با دو هدف تهیه زغال زیستی از پسماندهای کارخانه کاله به‌عنوان خاکپوش سطحی و ارزیابی کاربرد سه سطح 400، 800 و 1200 گرم بر مترمربع در کرت‌های کوچک فرسایشی پرشده با خاک مرتعی حساس به فرسایش منطقه مرزن‌آباد مازندران بر بهبود نفوذپذیری خاک و مؤلفه‌های رواناب استفاده شد. به‌همین منظور، شبیه‌سازی باران با دو شدّت 50 و 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در آزمایشگاه شبیه‌ساز باران و فرسایش دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس پس از 35 روز از کاربرد زغال زیستی انجام شد. سپس مقادیر و تغییرات رواناب سطحی با اندازه‌گیری رواناب خروجی و نفوذ آب در خاک از طریق بیلان حجم بارش و رواناب خروجی از کرت‌ها محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش میزان نفوذ آب در سطح کرت‌های تیمار شده با 400، 800 و 1200 گرم بر مترمربع از زغال زیستی به‌ترتیب 23، 31 و 32 درصد در شدّت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و 21، 23 و 24 درصد در شدّت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت، نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش (01/0 > p) و حجم رواناب نیز در شدّت بارندگی 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به‌ترتیب 56، 62 و 67 درصد و در شدّت بارندگی 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به‌ترتیب 59، 64 و 65 درصد، نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش (01/0 > p) داشته است. نتایج به‌دست آمده حاکی از کاهش زمان شروع رواناب در هر یک از تیمارهای زغال زیستی بود. پژوهش حاضر، کاربرد زغال‌های زیستی پسماندهای صنایع غذایی در بهبود مؤلفه‌های هیدرولوژیکی خاک‌های تخریب‌پذیر را تائید نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اصلاح زیستی خاک؛ حفاظت خاک و آب؛ مدیریت پسماند؛ نفوذپذیری خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Role of Superficial Biochar Mulch Produced from Dairy Factory Waste on Infiltration and Runoff in Small Experimental Plots | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Hossein Ghavimi Panah1؛ Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi2؛ Habibollah Younesi3 | ||
| 1Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 2Professor/ Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 3Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The effective utilization of wastes in different forms is an inevitable strategy for miscellaneous goals like runoff management leading to sustainable development. To this end, superficial application of biochar produced from industrial wastes as a mulch may be as a bio-economic approach to improve soil conditions and consequent increment in infiltration. Towards this attempt, the present study was formulated to produce biochar from Kaleh Factory wastes and to apply it as a much. The biochar was applied in three levels of 400, 800 and 1200 g m-2 on small experimental plots filled with a rangeland soil prone to erosion of Marzanabad Region, northern Iran, to improve soil permeability and runoff components. The rainfall was simulated with intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1 after a span time of 35 days on biochar application in the Rainfall and Erosion Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University. The infiltration and runoff rates were continuously monitored using volume balance method. According to the results, the water infiltration to the soil and runoff rates from treated plots with 400, 800 and 1200 g m-2 of biochar were 23, 31 and 32% for rain intensity of 50 mm h-1, and 21, 23 and 24% for rain intensity of 90 mm h-1, respectively more (p<0.01) than those reported for control plots. The volume of runoff for the same treatments were also 56, 62 and 67 %, and 59, 64 and 65 % for rain intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1, respectively, less (p<0.01) than those reported for control plots. However, the time to runoff reduced in all treated plots. The results further verified that the biochar produced from food industries factories could improve the hydrological components of degradable soils. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Bioremediation, Soil Infiltration, waste management | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abel, S., Peters, A., Trinks, S., Schonsky, H., Facklam, M. and Wessolek, G. (2013). Impact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil. Geoderma. 202, 183-191. Agrafioti, E., Bouras, G., Kalderis, D. and Diamadopoulos, E. (2013). Biochar production by sewage sludge pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 101, 72-78. Aliakbari, Z., Younesi, H., Ghoreyshi, A. A., Bahramifar, N. and Heidari, A. (2017). Production and characterization of sewage-sludge based activated carbons under different post-activation conditions. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 1-13. Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y. and Horie, T. (2009). Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: Soil physical properties. leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research. 111(1), 81-84. Briggs, C. M., Breiner, J., and Graham, R. C. (2005). Contributions of Pinus Ponderosa charcoal to soil chemical and physical properties. In The ASACSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Salt Lake City, USA. Butnan, S., Deenik, J. L., Toomsan, B., Antal, M. J. and Vityakon, P. (2015). Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Geoderma. 237, 105-116. Cheng, C. H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E. and Burton, S. D. (2008). Stability of black carbon in soils across a climatic gradient. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeoscience. 113(G2). Costa, I., Massard, G., and Agarwal, A. (2010). Waste management policies for industrial symbiosis development: case studies in European countries. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18(8), 815-822. Feller, C., Beare, M. H. (1997). Physical control of soil organic matter dynamics in the tropics. Geoderma. 79(1), 69-116. Gholami Gohareh, R., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Mirnia, S. Kh. and Soleimankhani, Z. (2012). Effects of Fire mild influence, runoff and sediment Pasture in the area Kodir. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering. 5(17), 23-33. (In Farsi) Hejazizade, A., Gholamalizadeh Ahangar, A. and Ghorbani, M. (2016). Effect of Biochar on Lead and Cadmium Uptake from Applied Paper Factory Sewage Sludge by Sunflower (Heliantus annus L.). Water and Soil Science. 26 (2), 259-271. (In Farsi) Hseu, Z.Y., Jien, S. H., Chien, W. H. and Liou, R. C. (2014). Impacts of biochar on physical properties and erosion potential of a mudstone slope land soil. The Scientific World Journal. 2014. Article ID 602197, 10 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/602197 Husk, B. and Major, J. (2010). Commercial scale agricultural biochar field trial in Québec, Canada over two years: effects of biochar on soil fertility, biology and crop productivity and quality. Dynamotive Energy Systems. BlueLeaf Inc.39p. Jien S. H. and Wang, C. H. (2013). Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena. 110, 225–233. Kheirfam, H. and Vafakhah, M. (2015). Evaluation of gamma test, cluster analysis, discriminant function analysis and Andrews Curves methods to separate homogeneous watersheds for regional analysis of suspended sediment. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation. 4(2), 65-85. (In Farsi) Kheirfam, H., Sadeghi, S. H. R, Homaee, M. and Zarei Darki, B. (2017a). Quality improvement of an erosion-prone soil through microbial enrichment. Soil and Tillage Research. 165, 230-238. Kheirfam, H., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Zarei Darki, B. and Homaee, M. (2017b). Controlling rainfall-induced soil loss from small experimental plots through inoculation of bacteria and cyanobacteria. Catena, 152, 40-46. Kheirfam, H., Zarei Darki, B., Sadeghi, S. H. R. and Homaee, M. (2016). Identification and proliferation of soil microorganisms in Marzanabad region with capability in applying for soil and water conservation. Journal of Agroecology. 6(1), 213-226. (In Farsi) Kukal, S. S. and Sarkar, M. (2011). Laboratory simulation studies on splash erosion and crusting in relation to surface roughness and raindrop size. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 59(1), 87-93. Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O’Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luiza, F. J., Petersen, J. and Neves, E. G. (2006). Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70, 1719-1730. Major, J. (2009). Biochar application to a Colombian Savanna Oxisol: Fate and effect on soil fertility, crop production, nutrient leaching and soil hydrology (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University). Ithaca NY USA. pp. 841. Namgay, T., Singh, B. and Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Research. 48(7), 638-647. Novack, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Watts, D. W., Laird, D. A., Ahmedna, M. A. and Niandou, M. A. (2010). Short-term CO 2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a typic kandiudult. Geoderma. 154(3), 281-288. Paz-Ferreiro, J., Gascó, G., Gutiérrez, B. and Méndez, A. (2011). Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 48, 511-517. Pietikäinen, J., Kiikkilä, O. and Fritze, H. (2000). Charcoal as a habitat for microbes and its effect on the microbial community of the underlying humus. Oikos. 89, 231-242. Qing, X., Yutong, Z. and Shenggao, L. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, northeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 120, 377-385. Razali, N. M. and Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power Comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling Tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics. 2, 21-33. Sadeghi, S. H. R. (2007). Analysis of relationship between soil erosion and water repellency, In:Proceedings of 10th Soil Science Congress of Iran, Karadj, August. 26(28), 1012-1013. Sadeghi, S. H. R., Abdollahi, Z. and Khaledi Darvishan, A.V. (2013). Experimental comparison of some techniques for estimating natural rain drop size distribution in Caspian Sea southern coast, Iran. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 58, 1374-1382. Sadeghi, S. H. R., Gholami, L., Homaee, M. and Khaledi Darvishan, A. V. (2015a). Reducing sediment concentration and soil loss using organic and inorganic amendments at plot scale. Solid Earth. 6, 445-455. Sadeghi, S. H. R., Hashemi Ariyan, Z. and Karimi, Z. (2015b). Runoff Generation and Soil loss Control using Combined Application of Vermicompost and Vinasse. Water Reuse. 2(1), 81-91. (In Farsi) Sadeghi, S. H. R., Hazbavi, Z. and Kiani Harchegani, M. (2016a). Controllability of runoff and soil loss from small plots treated by vinasse-produced biochar. Science of The Total Environment. 541, 483-490. Sadeghi, S. H. R., Kheirfam, H., Homaee, M. and Zarei Darki, B. (2016b). Improvability of Water Infiltration in an Erosion-Prone Soils under Laboratorial Conditions through Artificial Increasing of Soil Microorganisms Population. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 47(4): 9p. Under Publication. Sadeghi, S. H. R., Sharifi Moghadam, E., Khaledi Darvishan, A.V. (2016c). Effects of subsequent rainfall events on runoff and soil erosion components from small plots treated by vinasse. Catena. 138, 1-12. Schjønning, P., Munkholm, L. J. and Elmholt, S. (2004). Soil quality in organic farming–effects of crop rotation, animal manure and soil compaction. Book of abstracts Eurosoil. 2004. Sheets, J. P., Yang, L., Ge, X., Wang, Z. and Li, Y. (2015). Beyond land application: Emerging technologies for the treatment and reuse of anaerobically digested agricultural and food waste. Waste Management. 44, 94-115. Soleimankhani, Z., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Mirnia, S. Kh. and Gholami Gohareh, R. (2014). Comparison of intra and inter variations of runoff and sediment in plots installed in range and reclaimed forest land uses. Iranian Water Research Journal. 7(13), 11-19. (In Farsi) Zornoza, R., Moreno-Barriga, F., Acosta, J. A., Munoz, M. A. and Faz, A. (2016). Stability, nutrient vailability and hydrophobicity of biochars derived from manure, crop residues, and municipal solid waste for their use as soil amendments. Chemosphere. 144, 122-130. Yuan, H., Lu, T., Huang, H., Zhao, D., Kobayashi, N. and Chen, Y. (2015). Influence of pyrolysis temperature on physical and chemical properties of biochar made from sewage sludge. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 112, 284-289. Yuan, H., Tao, L., Wang, Y., Chen, Y. and Lei, T. (2016). Sewage sludge biochar: nutrient composition and its effect on the leaching of soil nutrients. Geoderma. 267, 17-23.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 323 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 294 |
||