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نقش خاکپوش سطحی زغال زیستی حاصل از پسماند کارخانه‌های لبنی بر نفوذ و رواناب در کرت‌های کوچک آزمایشگاهی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 19، دوره 48، شماره 4، آذر 1396، صفحه 905-916 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.220286.667572 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدحسین قویمی پناه1؛ سیدحمیدرضا صادقی* 2؛ حبیب الله یونسی3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2استاد/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس | ||
| 3تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده سودمند از پسماندها در شکل‌ها و اهداف مختلف و از جمله مدیریت رواناب، راه‌کاری مناسب و زمینه‌ساز دستیابی به توسعه پایدار می‌باشد. در این راستا تبدیل پسماندهای صنعتی به زغال زیستی و کاربرد آن به‌صورت خاکپوش با هدف بهبود شرایط خاک برای افزایش نفوذ آب می‌تواند راه‌کاری زیستی- اقتصادی باشد. بر همین اساس، پژوهش حاضر با دو هدف تهیه زغال زیستی از پسماندهای کارخانه کاله به‌عنوان خاکپوش سطحی و ارزیابی کاربرد سه سطح 400، 800 و 1200 گرم بر مترمربع در کرت‌های کوچک فرسایشی پرشده با خاک مرتعی حساس به فرسایش منطقه مرزن‌آباد مازندران بر بهبود نفوذپذیری خاک و مؤلفه‌های رواناب استفاده شد. به‌همین منظور، شبیه‌سازی باران با دو شدّت 50 و 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در آزمایشگاه شبیه‌ساز باران و فرسایش دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس پس از 35 روز از کاربرد زغال زیستی انجام شد. سپس مقادیر و تغییرات رواناب سطحی با اندازه‌گیری رواناب خروجی و نفوذ آب در خاک از طریق بیلان حجم بارش و رواناب خروجی از کرت‌ها محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش میزان نفوذ آب در سطح کرت‌های تیمار شده با 400، 800 و 1200 گرم بر مترمربع از زغال زیستی به‌ترتیب 23، 31 و 32 درصد در شدّت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و 21، 23 و 24 درصد در شدّت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت، نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش (01/0 > p) و حجم رواناب نیز در شدّت بارندگی 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به‌ترتیب 56، 62 و 67 درصد و در شدّت بارندگی 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به‌ترتیب 59، 64 و 65 درصد، نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش (01/0 > p) داشته است. نتایج به‌دست آمده حاکی از کاهش زمان شروع رواناب در هر یک از تیمارهای زغال زیستی بود. پژوهش حاضر، کاربرد زغال‌های زیستی پسماندهای صنایع غذایی در بهبود مؤلفه‌های هیدرولوژیکی خاک‌های تخریب‌پذیر را تائید نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اصلاح زیستی خاک؛ حفاظت خاک و آب؛ مدیریت پسماند؛ نفوذپذیری خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Role of Superficial Biochar Mulch Produced from Dairy Factory Waste on Infiltration and Runoff in Small Experimental Plots | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Hossein Ghavimi Panah1؛ Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi2؛ Habibollah Younesi3 | ||
| 1Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 2Professor/ Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 3Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The effective utilization of wastes in different forms is an inevitable strategy for miscellaneous goals like runoff management leading to sustainable development. To this end, superficial application of biochar produced from industrial wastes as a mulch may be as a bio-economic approach to improve soil conditions and consequent increment in infiltration. Towards this attempt, the present study was formulated to produce biochar from Kaleh Factory wastes and to apply it as a much. The biochar was applied in three levels of 400, 800 and 1200 g m-2 on small experimental plots filled with a rangeland soil prone to erosion of Marzanabad Region, northern Iran, to improve soil permeability and runoff components. The rainfall was simulated with intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1 after a span time of 35 days on biochar application in the Rainfall and Erosion Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University. The infiltration and runoff rates were continuously monitored using volume balance method. According to the results, the water infiltration to the soil and runoff rates from treated plots with 400, 800 and 1200 g m-2 of biochar were 23, 31 and 32% for rain intensity of 50 mm h-1, and 21, 23 and 24% for rain intensity of 90 mm h-1, respectively more (p<0.01) than those reported for control plots. The volume of runoff for the same treatments were also 56, 62 and 67 %, and 59, 64 and 65 % for rain intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1, respectively, less (p<0.01) than those reported for control plots. However, the time to runoff reduced in all treated plots. The results further verified that the biochar produced from food industries factories could improve the hydrological components of degradable soils. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Bioremediation, Soil Infiltration, waste management | ||
| مراجع | ||
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