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داغ ننگ و تبعیض: دو مضیقه اجتماعی دخیل در افشای وضعیت ابتلا توسط افراد مبتلا به اچ آی وی/ ایدز | ||
| بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 2، بهمن 1396، صفحه 1-23 اصل مقاله (590.89 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijsp.2018.65051 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مینا امیری1؛ ابوعلی ودادهیر* 2 | ||
| 1دکترای سلامت باروری و جنسی، مرکز تحقیقات اندوکرینولوژی تولید مثل، پژوهشکده علوم غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. پست الکترونیکی: Mina_amiri_p@yahoo.com | ||
| 2دانشیار مردم شناسی و مطالعات سلامت، گروه مردم شناسی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران و عضو گروه سلامت اجتماعی، فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی ایران. پست الکترونیکی: vedadha@ut.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده | ||
| داغ ننگ و تبعیض دو مضیقه یا قیدوبند اجتماعی هستند که تمایل افراد برای فاش نمودن وضعیت ابتلا به اچ آی وی / ایدز را تقلیل داده و دسترسی افراد مبتلا به حمایت و مراقبت‌های بهداشتی را محدود می‌کنند. در مقامِ یک برساخته اجتماعی-فرهنگی، داغ ننگِ مرتبط با اچ آی وی/ ایدز، با تبعیضهای ساختاری و نهادی همراه است. فرایند داغ ننگ در اثر تعامل سه عامل مشترک محیط، نظام مراقبت‌های بهداشتی و واسطه‌ها ایجاد می‌شوند و با پیامدهای فردی و اجتماعی متعددی همراه است. داغ ننگ مرتبط با اچ آی وی / ایدز ممکن است با ویژگی‌های فردی مانند سن، تحصیلات، جنسیت و پیشرفت بیماری ارتباط داشته باشد. افرادی که وضعیت ابتلای خود را به اچ آی وی / ایدز فاش می‌کنند، ممکن است با داغ ننگ و تبعیض مواجه شوند؛ بنابراین افشاسازی میتواند یک خطر یا تضییع هویت اجتماعی قابل توجه برای آنها باشد. اچ آی وی/ ایدز به عنوان یک نابرابری اینترسکشنال جهانی در نظر گرفته شده است که تحت تاثیر مضیقههای اجتماعی نظیر تبعیضهای نژادی- قومیتی، جنسیتی، طبقاتی و مرتبط با ناتوانی و کمتوانی افراد قرار می‌گیرد. این مضیقهها به طور همزمان و به شکلی نظاممند گسلها، بیعدالتیها و نابرابری‌های جامعه را تشدید می‌نمایند. یک چرخه نادرست بین داغ ننگ، تبعیض و نقض حقوق بشر وجود دارد. داغ ننگ و تبعیض هم در سطوح مختلف فردی، گروهی، اجتماعی و جهانی رخ میدهند. بنابراین، مداخلههای لازم برای مدیریت آنها بایستی علاوه بر آموزش فردی، به اصلاح بسترهای جامعه نیز اختصاص یابد. عوامل ساختاری، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، سیاسی، و اقتصادی به شکل همافزایانهای (اینترسکشنال) تجربه اچ آی وی و ایدز را تحت تاثیر قرار میدهند و در شکل گیری تحوّلات اچ آی وی / ایدز نقش مهمی را ایفا می‌کنند. اصلاح این عوامل ساختاری و مناسبات هم افزایانه میتواند موجب افزایش اثربخشی برنامه‌های مداخلهای در افراد مبتلا به اچ آی وی / ایدز جامعه گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| داغ ننگ؛ تبعیض؛ مضیقه (قیدوبند) اجتماعی؛ هم‌افزایی (اینترسکشنالیتی)؛ افشا سازی؛ اچ آی وی / ایدز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Stigma and Discrimination: Two Vital Social Oppressions Influencing on Disclosure of HIV Status by Patients with HIV / AIDS | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mina Amiri1؛ Abouali Vedadhir2 | ||
| 1Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: mina_amiri_p@yahoo.com | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Anthropology and Health Studies, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Email: vedadha@ut.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Stigma and discrimination are two social oppressionsor social pressure, which reduce the tendency of individuals for HIV/AIDS status disclosure and limit accessibility of patients with HIV/AIDS to support and health care, which can affect their physical and emotional health. As a social constructed, stigma related to HIV is associated with structural and institutional discriminations. Stigma process is created by interaction of three factors: environment, health care system and intermediaries, and associated with numerous personal and social consequences associated. Stigma related to HIV/AIDS may associate with personal characteristics such as age, education, gender and progression of disease. Patients who disclosure their HIV/AIDS status may expose with stigma and discrimination; therefore HIV/AIDS disclose can be a substantial social risk or social wastage for them. So, HIV/AIDS is considered as a global intersectional inequality, which affected by social oppressions such as racism, gender discrimination, classism,ableism and disability. This oppressions simultaneously and systematically aggravate faults, social equities and equalities. There is a vicious cycle between stigma, discrimination and human rights violations. Stigma and discrimination occur both at individual and social levels, therefore interventions preventing stigma must be devoted to improve the socio-cultural contexts in addition to individual training. Structural, cultural, political and socio-economic factors affect HIV/AIDS experience; they also play an important role in shaping developments and prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS. Modifying these structural factors and intersectional relations can enhance efficiency of interventional programsin patients with HIV/AIDS in the society Stigma and discrimination are two social oppressionsor social pressure, which reduce the tendency of individuals for HIV/AIDS status disclosure and limit accessibility of patients with HIV/AIDS to support and health care, which can affect their physical and emotional health. As a social constructed, stigma related to HIV is associated with structural and institutional discriminations. Stigma process is created by interaction of three factors: environment, health care system and intermediaries, and associated with numerous personal and social consequences associated. Stigma related to HIV/AIDS may associate with personal characteristics such as age, education, gender and progression of disease. Patients who disclosure their HIV/AIDS status may expose with stigma and discrimination; therefore HIV/AIDS disclose can be a substantial social risk or social wastage for them. So, HIV/AIDS is considered as a global intersectional inequality, which affected by social oppressions such as racism, gender discrimination, classism,ableism and disability. This oppressions simultaneously and systematically aggravate faults, social equities and equalities. There is a vicious cycle between stigma, discrimination and human rights violations. Stigma and discrimination occur both at individual and social levels, therefore interventions preventing stigma must be devoted to improve the socio-cultural contexts in addition to individual training. Structural, cultural, political and socio-economic factors affect HIV/AIDS experience; they also play an important role in shaping developments and prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS. Modifying these structural factors and intersectional relations can enhance efficiency of interventional programsin patients with HIV/AIDS in the society. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| stigma, Discrimination, Social Oppressions, Disclosure, HIV/AIDS | ||
| مراجع | ||
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