پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,503 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,121,432 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,228,409 |
Preparation of Pt/Al2O3-Cl Catalyst and Investigation of Operating Variables Effects on Isomerization Reaction | ||
| Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 52، شماره 1، شهریور 2018، صفحه 13-21 اصل مقاله (578.63 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jchpe.2018.233982.1198 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mansour Jahangiri* 1؛ Fatollah Salehirad2؛ Shahram Alijani2 | ||
| 1Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Eng., Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| A high chlorinated alumina catalyst obtained by treating Pt/γ-Al2O3 (0.25 wt. % Pt) samples with two mixtures of CCl4/N2 and CCl4/N2/H2 was tested for the hydroisomerization of C6 alkane. The conversion of n-hexane feed was diluted with hydrogen performed with different H2/HC ratios at various temperatures, liquid hourly space velocities (LHSVs) and 3MPa total pressure. The catalyst introduced in the reactor displayed a fairly high initial activity, but conversion slowly declined with time on stream. Adding CCl4 to the hexane feed could not improve the stability with time on stream. The effects of temperature on conversion and isomer selectivity were studied at various H2/HC ratios and LHSVs. Superior conversion and selectivity were found for the catalyst at 160 ˚C and 120 ˚C at LHSV 1.2 h-1. Furthermore, effects of LHSV and low temperature were studied on conversion and product octane number derived from hexane isomerization, respectively. The highest octane number was observed at the low space velocity (1.2 h-1). | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Catalyst؛ Chlorinated alumina؛ Isomerization؛ Light naphtha؛ Normal hexane | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Chao, C., Lizhen, Q. and Xiaorong, C. (2009) . "Catalytic performance of Re/Ga2 O3 /WO3 /ZrO2 catalyst for n-hexane isomerization ." Chinese Journal of Catalysis , Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 859 – 863.
[2] Valavarasu, G. and Sairam, B. (2013). "Light naphtha isomerization: A Review." Petroleum Science and Technology, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 580- 595.
[3] Deak, V., Rosin, R. and Sullivan, D. (2008). "Tutorial: Light naphtha isomerization ." Research and Development, UOP LLC, 25 E. Algonquin Road, Des Plaines, IL 60017,
[4] Adzamic, Z., Adzamic, T., Muzic, M. and Sertic- Bionda, K. (2013). "Optimization of the n-hexane isomerization process using response surface methodology ." Chemical Engineering Research and Design , Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 100 -105.
[5] Volkova, G.G. and Reshetnikov, S.I., Shkuratova, L.N., Budneva A.A., Paukshtis, E.A. (2007). " n-Hexane skeletal isomerization over sulfated zirconia catalysts with different Lewis acidity." Chemical Engineering Journal , Vol. 134, No. 1-3, pp. 106 – 110.
[6] Sandeep, K.S., Viswanadham, N. and Garg, M.O. (2013). "Cracking and isomerization functionalities of bi-metallic zeolites for naphtha value upgradation ." Fuel , Vol. 107, pp. 432 -438.
[7] Laila I. A., Abdel -Ghaffar A. A, Sameh M. A. and Ahmed K. A. (2001). "Hydroconversion of n-paraffins in light naphtha using Pt/Al2O3 catalysts promoted with noble metals and/or chlorine." Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 205, No. 1- 2, pp. 125 – 130.
[8] Busto, M., Dosso, L.A., Vera, C.R. and Grau, J. M. (2012). "Composite catalysts of Pt/SO4– ZrO2 and Pt/WO3 –ZrO2 for producing high octane isomerizate by isomerization-cracking of long paraffins." Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 104, pp. 128–135.
[9] Ducourty, B., Szabo, G., Dath, J.P., Gilson, J.P. and Goupil, J.M., Cornet, D. (2004). "Pt/Al2O3 -Cl catalysts derived from ethylaluminumdichloride : Activity and stability in hydroisomerization of C6 alkane ." Applied Catalysis A: General , Vol . 269, No. 1, pp. 203 –214.
[10] Travers, C. (2001). "Isomerization of light paraffins " Chapter 6 in '' Conversion Processes '' .Petro leum Refining, Vol. 3 , Leprince, TECHNIP, France.
[11] Christian, W. (2005). "Kinetic studies on alkane hydroisomerization over bifunctional cata-lysts ." M.Sc. Thesis, Technische Universität München –Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II.
[12] Juan, J. M., Fernando, P., Paula, S. and Jose, L.V. (2005). "Hydroisomerization of a refinery naphtha stream over agglomerated Pd zeolites ." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 44, No. 24, pp. 13 – 21.
[13] Salehirad, F., Sadighi, S. and Shahram, A. (2017). "Deactivation of Chlorinated Pt/Al2O isomerization catalyst using water containing feed ." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering. ” Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.1 -13.
[14] Roldán, R., Beale, A.M., Manuel Sánchez, M.S., Romero -Salguero, F.J., Sanchidrián, C.J., Gómez, J.P. and Sankar, G. (2008). "Effect of the impregnation order on the nature of metal particles of bi - functional Pt/Pd -supported zeolite Beta materials and on their catalytic activity for the hydroiso -merization of alkanes ." Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 254, No. 1, pp. 12 – 26.
[15] Farid, A. (2010). "Synthesis and Character ization of catalyst Containing Molybdenum and Tungsten and their application in paraffin isomerization ." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 668- 676.
[16] Ahari, J.S., Khorsand, K., Hosseini, A.A. and Farshi, A. (2006). "Experimental study of C5/C6 isomerization in light straight run gasoline (LSRG) over platinum mordenite zeolite. " Petrol. Coal, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 42– 50.
[17] Vijay, S. and Wolf, E.E., "A highly active and stable platinum -modified sulfated zirconia Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 264, No. 1, pp. 125 – 130.
[18] Eswaramoorthi, I. and Lingappan, N. (2003). "Nickel Impregnated Pt/H-b and Pt/H -Mordenite Catalysts for Hydroisomerization of n-Hexane ." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 207- 216.
[19] Eswaramoorthi, I. and Lingappan, N. (2003). "Ni – Pt/H -Y zeolite catalysts for hydroisomeriza-tion of n-hexane and n-heptane ." Catalysis Letters, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 133- 142.
[20] Yuandong, X., (2009). "Promotion effect of lanthanum addition on the catalytic activity of zirconia supported platinum and tungstophosphoric acid catalyst for n-pentane isomerization." Applied Surface Science, Vol. 255, No. 13, pp. 6504 – 6507.
[21] Shahram Alijani, Fatollah Salehirad, Mansour Jahangiri (2013 ). "Synthesis and evaluation of new race of isomerization catalysts. " 1st National Industrial Catalyst Conference, 20th & 21th Feb. Shiraz University.
[22] Lyod L. (2011). Handbook of Industrial Catalysts. Springer Science and Business Media LLC., New York.
[23] Khurshid, M., Al-Daous, M. A., Hattori, H. and Al- Khattaf, S. S. (2009). "Effects of hydrogen on heptane isomerization over zirconium oxide modified with tungsten oxide and platinum ." Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 362, No. 1, pp. 75-81.
[24] Weyda H. and Köhler E. (2003). "Modern refining concepts an update on naphtha isomerization to modern gasoline manufacture." Catal. Today, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 51 – 55.
[25] Barrett, E.P., Joyner, L.G. and Halenda, P.P. (1951). "The Determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms ." Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 373 – 380.
[26] Ali, L.I., Ali, A.G.A., Aboul -Fotouh, S.M. and Aboul -Gheit, A.K. (2001)."Hydro-conversion of n-paraffins in light naphtha using Pt/Al 2O3 catalysts promoted with noble metals and/or chlorine ." Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 205, No. 1, pp. 129 – 146.
[27] Blomsma, E., Martens, J.A. and Jacobs P.A. (1997). "Isomerization and hydrocracking of hep- tane over bimetallic bifunctional PtPd/H-Beta and PtPd/USY zeolite catalysts." Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 165, No. 2, pp. 241- 248. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,170 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,134 |
||