Comparison of the Personality Dimensions in Male Cigarette Smokers and non-smokers | ||
| فصلنامه پژوهشهای کاربردی روانشناختی | ||
| Article 4, Volume 9, Issue 1, July 2018, Pages 59-71 PDF (398.28 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/japr.2018.66788 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Saeed Pournaghash Tehrani* 1; Zahra Hosseinzadeh2 | ||
| 1faculty of psychology and educational sciences, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2department of psychology and educational sciences of Tehran university | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The aim of this study was to compare temperament and character dimensions according to the Cloninger’s seven-factor model of personality in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The research was causal-comparative and statistical population consisted of male college students of Tehran University, from which two-hundred persons were selected purpose. The research tools were Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS; Shiffman et al, 2004) and the short form of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-56)(1994). The data were analyzed using Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and logistic regression by means of version 22 of SPSS. The results showed the significant difference between two groups in only two factors of temperament and character of subjects: Novelty-Seeking (NS) and Self-Directedness (SD) (p<0/001). In other words, non-smokers earned more scores in novelty-seeking and smokers earned more scores in directedness. Further studies are required to confirm these results on larger sample including both genders. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| cigarette smoking; Cloninger’s seven-factor model; novelty-seeking; self-directedness | ||
| References | ||
|
Adan, A.,Grabulosa,S.J.,&Natale,V(2009). A reduced temperment and character inventory(TCI-56).Psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample.Journal of personality and individual differences , 466687-692. Bardo MT, Donohew RL, Harrington NG. (1996) Psychobiology of novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 77:23–43. Beirami M. , Abdollahzadeh Jeddi A., (2013), Study based on Cloninger,s model: Comparing suicide attempters temperament and character dimensions with normal individuals, Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, Winter 2013, Vol. 14, No. 4(56), P. 336-343 Bisol, L.W., Soldado, F., Albuquerque, C., Lorenzi, T.M., & Lara, D.R. (2010). Emotional and affective temperament and cigarette smoking in a large sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127, 89-95. Breslau, N., Johnson, O.E., Hiripi, E., Kessler, R. (2001).Nicotinedependence in the United States. Prevalence, trends, and smokingpersistence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 10-816. Chaudhri, N., Caggiula, A., Donny, E., Palmatier, M., Liu, X., & Sved, A. (2006). Complex interactions between nicotine and nonpharmacological stimuli reveal multiple roles for nicotine in reinforcement. Psychopharmacology, 184, 353−366. Cloninger, C.R. (1994). The genetic structure of personality and learning: a phylogenetic perspective. Clinical Genetics, 46, 124-137. Conrada R, Schillingb G, Bauscha B, Nadstawekc J, Christian Wartenbergc H, Wegenera I, et al (2007). Temperament and Character personality profiles and personality disorders in chronic pain patients. 133 (1-3): 197-209. Dinn, W. M., Aycicegi, A., & Harris, C. L. (2004). Cigarette smoking in a student sample. Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates, 29 (1), 107-126. Downey. K.K. Pamerleau, C.S. Pamerleau.O.F. (1996). Personality Differences Related to Smoking and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse 8(1). 129-135. DuPont, R.L., Gold, M.S. (1995). Withdrawal and reward: implications for detoxification and relapse prevention. Psychiatric Annals, 25(11), 663-8. Ebrahimi, H., Khamesan, A., Pakdaman, M. (2014). Construction and Validation of Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 5(3), 95-110. Elovainio, M., Kivimäki, M., Viikari, J., Ekelund, J., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2005). The mediating role of novelty seeking in the association between the type 4 dopamine receptor gene polymorphism and cigarette-smoking behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(3), 639−645. Etter, J. F., Pélissolo, A., Pomerleau, C. S., & de Saint-Hilaire, Z. (2003). Association between smoking and heritable temperament traits. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5(3), 401−409. Etter, J.F. (2010). Smoking and Cloninger’s temperament and character inventory. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12, 919-926. Fagerstrom, K. O. (2002). The epidemiology of smoking: Health consequences and benefits of cessation, Drugs, 62, 1-9. Fishbein, D. H., Eldreth, D. L., Hyde, C., Matochik, J. A., London, E. D., Contoreggi, C., Kurian, V., Kimes, A. S., Breeden, A., & Grant, S. (2005). Risky decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers. Cognitive BrainResearch, 23, 119-136. Hajian, K., Kheirkhah, F., Habibi, M., (2011). Frequency of risky behaviors among students in Babol Universities (2009). J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 13 (2):53-60. (In Persian) Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Slutske, W. S., & Martin, N. G. (1995). Personality and the inheritance of smoking behavior: A genetic perspective. Behavior Genetics, 25(2), 103−117. Journal of Addiction, 84, 391-393. Joseph AM 2003Treatment of Nicotine Dependence in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Rochester, MN. Kenny, P., & Markou, A. (2001). Neurobiology of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 70(4), 531−549. Kim, H.W, Cho, S. C. Kim, B.N, Kim, J.W, Shin, M.S, Yeo, J.Y. (2010). Does oppositional defiant disorder have temperament and psychopathological profiles independent of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Comprehensive psychiatry, 51, 412-418. McCown, W. (1989). The relationship between impulsivity, empathy and involvement in Twelve Step self-help substance abuse treatment groups. British McCown, W.G., Johnson, J.L., & Shure, M.B. (1994). The impulsive client: Theory, research and treatment. New York: American Psychological Association. Noori Feshalenji, F., Pourshahbaz, A., Dolatshahi, B., Farhoudian, A., Chamikarpour, M. (2012) Predicting Cigarette Dependency in Men by Personality Dimensions Using Cloninger’s Seven-Factor Model. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology; 50(13):94-102 Pournaghash Tehrani S., (2008), Unpublished report Purper-Quakil D, Cortese, S, Wohl, M., Aubron, V., Orejarena, S., Michel, G., Asch, M., Mouren, M.C., Gorwood, P. (2010). Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys. Comprehensive psychiatry, 51, 286-292. Rezvanfard, M., Ekhtiari, H., Mokri A., Kaviani H. (2008) Personality and Impulsivity Traits in Smokers With Regard to Degree of Nicotine Dependence. Advances in Cognitive Science; 9 (4):33-49 Ryb, G.E., Dischinger, P.C., Kufera, J.A., & Read, K.M. (2006). Risk perception and impulsivity: Association with risky behaviors and substance abuse disorders. Accidental Annual Preview, 38, 567-573. Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A. )2013( Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.; 480-551 Shiffman S., Waters A.J, Hickcox, M. (2004). The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale: A multi-dimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Svrakic, D.M., Witehead, C., Przybeck, T.R., & Cloninger, C.R. (1993). Di.erential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven factor model of Temperament and Character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 991-999. Swan, G. E., Hudmon, K. S., Jack, L. M., Hemberger, K., Carmelli, D., Khroyan, T. V., Ring, H. Z., Hops, H., Andrews, J. A., Tildesly, E., McBride, D., Benowitz, N., Webster, C., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Feiler, H.S., Koenig, B., Caron, L., Illes, J., & Cheng, L. S. (2003). Inviromental and genetic determinents of Tobacco use: Methodology for a multidisciplinary, longitudinal family-based investigation. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 12, 994-1005. Terracciano, A., Costa, P.T., Jr. (2004). Smoking and the Five-Factor model of personality. Addiction, 99(4), 472-481. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,024 PDF Download: 681 |
||