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مروری بر روشهای حذف فلزات سنگین از محیطهای آبی | ||
اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
مقاله 11، دوره 5، شماره 3، مهر 1397، صفحه 855-874 اصل مقاله (773.55 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2018.249854.804 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمدحسین فاتحی* 1؛ جلال شایگان2؛ محمد ذبیحی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری دانشکدۀ مهندسی شیمی و نفت دانشگاه صنعتی شریف | ||
2استاد دانشکدۀ مهندسی شیمی و نفت دانشگاه صنعتی شریف | ||
3استادیار دانشکدۀ مهندسی شیمی دانشگاه صنعتی سهند تبریز | ||
چکیده | ||
مقالۀ حاضر به طور خلاصه به تعریف فلزات سنگین از جنبههای مختلف، منابع تولید و آثار منفی آنها بر سلامتی انسان، استانداردها و قوانین تنظیمی مراجع مختلف برای رعایت حدود مجاز و در نهایت نیز به بررسی روشهای تصفیه، جداسازی و حذف این عناصر پرداخته است. در خصوص روشهای جداسازی، محدودۀ وسیعی از فرایندها و معایب و مزایای هریک از انواع قدیمی تا فناوریهای نوین، بررسی شده که شامل رسوبدهی شیمیایی، انعقاد لختهسازی، شناورسازی، تبادل یونی، تصفیۀ الکتروشیمیایی، فیلتراسیون غشایی و جذب سطحی میشوند. در این میان، به جذب سطحی به عنوان یک رویکرد ساده ولی کارآمد، بهطور ویژه پرداخته شده است و انواع جاذبها شامل کربن فعال، نانولولههای کربنی، گرافن اکساید، جاذبهای زیستی مطالعه شدهاند. امروزه، مواد نانو با توجه به ویژگیهای منحصربهفردی همچون مساحت سطح زیاد، سایتهای فعال فراوان و ظرفیت جذب بسیارخوب، کاربردهای چشمگیری در تصفیۀ محیطهای آب و فاضلاب از خود نشان دادهاند. در این میان، نانوذرات مغناطیسی اکسیدهای آهن به عنوان جاذبهای مقرونبهصرفه، با راندمان بالا و دوستدار محیط زیست بررسی شدهاند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
جذب سطحی؛ روشهای حذف؛ فلزات سنگین؛ محیطهای آبی؛ نانوذرات مغناطیسی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
A review of methods for removing heavy metal from aqueous media | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mohamad Hosein Fatehi1؛ Jalal Shayegan2؛ Mohamad Zabihi3 | ||
1Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. | ||
2Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. | ||
3Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The present paper briefly describes heavy metals from various aspects, the sources of production and the negative effects of these metals on human health, the standards and regulations of various agencies to comply with the permissible limits and finally, it also explores the methods of purification, separation and removal of these elements. Regarding treatment methods, a wide range of processes and disadvantages and advantages of each of the old types to the new technologies has been investigated, including chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration and adsorption. In this regard, absorption is considered as a simple but efficient approach, and has been specifically addressed and sorbents have been studied including active carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides and biosorbents. Today, nanoscale materials have shown significant applications in the treatment of aquatic environments, due to their unique features such as high surface area, large active sites and high absorption capacity. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides are considered as cost-effective, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly adsorbents. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Removal methods, Heavy metals, aqueous media, Adsorption, Magnetic nanoparticles | ||
مراجع | ||
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