پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,533 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,506 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,127,561 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,235,253 |
مطالعه ویژگی‌های تلاطمی لایه اکمن کف در خلیج‌فارس با روش شبیه‌سازی پیچک بزرگ | ||
| فیزیک زمین و فضا | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 44، شماره 3، آبان 1397، صفحه 659-670 اصل مقاله (621.25 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jesphys.2018.249600.1006965 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد فرمان آرا1؛ حسین ملکوتی* 2؛ اسماعیل حسن زاده3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم جوی و اقیانوسی (غیر زیستی)، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم جوی و اقیانوسی (غیر زیستی)، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق با استفاده از مدل شبیه‌سازی پیچک بزرگ موازی‌سازی شده (PALM)، ویژگی‌های لایه اکمن کف خلیج‌فارس در تابستان و پاییز مطالعه شده است. برای این منظور سه آزمایش عددی با تأکید بر تأثیر چینه‌بندی بر لایه اکمن طراحی شد. یک آزمایش مرجع بدون گرادیان دما و شوری و دو آزمایش با گرادیان دما و شوری متناسب با شرایط تجربی تابستان و پاییز خلیج‌فارس پیاده‌سازی و اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد هنگامی‌که چینه‌بندی در خلیج‌فارس قوی باشد، لایه اکمن تنها به لایه آمیخته کف محدود می‌شود و مؤلفه‌های سرعت اکمن نمی‌توانند به لایه‌های بالایی نفوذ کنند. در پاییز پهنای لایه پیکنوکلاین کمتر است و به 20 متر می‌رسد؛ درنتیجه مارپیچ اکمن پهن‌تر و بزرگی مؤلفه سرعت عمود بر جریان زمینگرد حدود 25% بیشتر می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که اگر شار گرمایی در کف یا سطح وجود نداشته باشد، با گذر زمان در مرز بین لایه چینه‌بندی و لایه آمیخته، یک لایه پیکنوکلاین شدید به پهنای حدود 4 متر به‌وجود می‌آید که باعث افزایش پایداری شاره و درنتیجه مانع نفوذ جریان‌های تلاطمی می‌شود. چینه‌بندی تأثیری روی انرژی جنبشی تلاطمی و تنش کف ندارد؛ اما باعث می‌شود که تلاطم سریع‌تر شکل بگیرد. مشاهده شد که در مرز بین لایه چینه‌بندی و لایه آمیخته تنش برشی افزایش می‌یابد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| لایه اکمن؛ لایه آمیخته کف؛ شبیه‌سازی پیچک بزرگ؛ مدل پالم؛ خلیج‌فارس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of the Turbulence Characteristics of the Bottom Ekman Layer in the Persian Gulf using Large Eddy Simulation Approach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohamad Farmanara1؛ Hossein Malakooti2؛ Smaeyl Hassanzadeh3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science (non-Biologic), Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science (non-Biologic), Faculty of marine science and technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this study, the turbulent properties of the bottom Ekman layer of the Persian Gulf is studied, using a Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM). Three numerical experiments were carried out with emphasis on stratification effects. A reference experiments (EXP C) without vertical gradients of the potential temperature and salinity and two experiments with vertical gradient of the potential temperature and salinity. The initial values of the surface potential temperature and salinity and their vertical gradients, provided from in situ data, were chosen according to August (EXP A) and November (EXP N) condition of the Persian Gulf. The eastern part of the Iranian coastal area of the Persian Gulf near the Hormuz Strait was chosen because there is a considerable western current during the year in this area. Also, the sea is deep enough to observe a distinctive pycnocline layer which separates surface and bottom mixed layer. The domain size is 200m×200m×100m in x, y and z directions respectively. A pycnocline layer with 40m and 20m deep was considered for August and November, respectively. A Geostrophic current with 0.15m s^(-1) speed is supposed to flow in x direction over the rough sea bed. The bottom boundary condition of the momentum flux was set to Dirichlet in order to create a no-slip condition at the sea bed. The simulations were carried out for 48h to include at least two inertial periods and avoid inertial oscillations. The results showed that the stratification limits the bottom Ekman layer depth and it does not grow with time. While in EXP C, where the fluid is neutral, a rapid growth of the bottom Ekman layer is obvious during the first 20h and its maximum depth reaches 60m. The Ekman cross-stream current component cannot entrain into pycnocline layer and it vanished at the bottom of the pycnocline layer. In autumn in which the pycnocline layer is thinner, the Ekman spiral is broadened and the magnitude of the Ekman cross-stream current component is 25% larger in compare to summer. The maximum value of the Ekman cross-stream current component is about 0.04m s^(-1) in EXP C and EXP A while it is about 0.05m s^(-1) in EXP N. The hodograph of the horizontal velocity in EXP C is more similar to Ekman theoretical solution. The stream-wise component of the horizontal velocity decrease with the same rate near the sea bed in all experiments which implies that the stratification does not have much effect on bottom stress. It is concluded that when an intense pycnocline exists and the bottom mixed layer is thin, less time is needed to trigger the turbulence. The bulk turbulent kinetic energy in all experiments is the same. Since the bottom boundary is assumed adiabatic and there is no heat flux from the bottom, the heat budget in the neutral BBL is approximately conserved (molecular diffusion is not considerable compared). Then a pycnocline is necessary to maintain heat conservation after the formation of a mixed layer. These intensified pycnocline can be observed as distinctive peaks in vertical profiles of the buoyancy frequencies near the top and bottom of the stratified layer. The thickness of the intensified pycnocline grows with time and at the end of simulation reaches about few meters. These intensified pycnocline layers in November is thicker than that of August. Also at the bottom interface of the stratified, the shear stress increases. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ekman layer, Bottom Mixed layer, Large Eddy Simulation, PALM model, Persian Gulf | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
محمدی، ف.، حسن‌زاده، ا. و فرمان‌آرا، م. 1394، ویژگی‌های فیزیکی لایه آمیخته اقیانوسی در خلیج‌فارس با استفاده از مدل PALM و شبیه‌سازی ادی‌های بزرگ، paper presented at the LES، سومین کنفرانس بین‌المللی اقیانوس‌شناسی خلیج‌فارس.
Azizpour, J., Chegini, V., Khosravi, M. and Einali, A., 2014, Study of the physical oceanographic properties of the persian gulf, strait of hormuz and gulf of oman based on PG-GOOS CTD measurements. Journal of the Persian Gulf, 5(18), 37-48.Coleman, G. N., Ferziger, J., Spalart, P., 1990, A numerical study of the turbulent Ekman layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 213, 313-348. Coleman, G., Ferziger, J. and Spalart, P., 1992, Direct simulation of the stably stratified turbulent Ekman layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 244, 677-712. Deusebio, E., Brethouwer, G., Schlatter, P. and Lindborg, E., 2014, A numerical study of the unstratified and stratified Ekman layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 755, 672-704. Ekman, V. W., 1905, On the influence of the earth's rotation on ocean currents. Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys., 2, 1-53. Esau, I., 2014, Indirect air–sea interactions simulated with a coupled turbulence-resolving model. Ocean Dynamics, 64(5), 689-705. Maronga, B., Gryschka, M., Heinze, R., Hoffmann, F., Kanani-Sühring, F., Keck, M. and Raasch, S., 2015, The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) version 4.0 for atmospheric and oceanic flows: model formulation, recent developments, and future perspectives. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 8(2), 1539-1637. Noh, Y., Cheon, W. G. and Raasch, S., 2003, The role of preconditioning in the evolution of open-ocean deep convection. Journal of Physical oceanography, 33(6), 1145-1166. Noh, Y., Min, H. S. and Raasch, S., 2004, Large eddy simulation of the ocean mixed layer: The effects of wave breaking and Langmuir circulation. Journal of Physical oceanography, 34(4), 720-735. Noh, Y., Kang, I., Herold, M. and Raasch, S., 2006, Large eddy simulation of particle settling in the ocean mixed layer. Physics of Fluids (1994-present), 18(8), 085109. Noh, Y., Goh, G., Raasch, S. and Gryschka, M., 2009, Formation of a diurnal thermocline in the ocean mixed layer simulated by LES. Journal of Physical oceanography, 39(5), 1244-1257. Noh, Y., Goh, G. and Raasch, S., 2010, Examination of the mixed layer deepening process during convection using LES. Journal of Physical oceanography, 40(9), 2189-2195. Noh, Y., Lee, E., Kim, D. H., Hong, S. Y., Kim, M. J. and Ou, M. L., 2011, Prediction of the diurnal warming of sea surface temperature using an atmosphere‐ocean mixed layer coupled model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (1978–2012), 116(C11). Perlin, A., Moum, J., Klymak, J., Levine, M., Boyd, T. and Kosro, P., 2007, Organization of stratification, turbulence, and veering in bottom Ekman layers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C5). Pham, H. and Sarkar, S., 2017, Turbulent entrainment in a strongly stratified barrier layer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. Raasch, S. and Etling, D., 1998, Modeling Deep Ocean Convection: Large Eddy Simulation in Comparison with Laboratory Experiments. Journal of Physical oceanography, 28(9), 1786-1802. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1786:MDOCLE>2.0.CO;2 Raasch, S. and Schröter, M., 2001, PALM–a large-eddy simulation model performing on massively parallel computers. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 10(5), 363-372. Reynolds, R. M., 1993, Physical oceanography of the Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the Mt Mitchell expedition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27, 35-59. Saiki, E. M., Moeng, C.-H. and Sullivan, P. P., 2000, Large-eddy simulation of the stably stratified planetary boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 95(1), 1-30. Skyllingstad, E., Duncombe, J. and Samelson, R., 2016, Large-eddy Simulation of Ekman Layer Instabilities in the Ocean Mixed Layer: Comparison with Theory. Paper presented at the AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Swift, S. A. and Bower, A. S., 2003, Formation and circulation of dense water in the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 108(C1). Taylor, J. R. and Sarkar, S., 2008, Stratification effects in a bottom Ekman layer. Journal of Physical oceanography, 38(11), 2535-2555. Thoppil, P. G. and Hogan, P. J., 2010, A modeling study of circulation and eddies in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Physical oceanography, 40(9), 2122-2134. Wakata, Y., 2011, Dependence of seafloor boundary layer thickness on the overlying flow direction: a large eddy simulation study. Journal of oceanography, 67(5), 667-673. Wakata, Y., 2013, Some properties of tidal currents estimated from analytical and LES simulation studies. Journal of oceanography, 69(6), 737-751. Wakata, Y., Endoh, T. and Yoshikawa, Y., 2017, LES study of near-seabed tide-induced turbulence in the East China Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 145, 21-31. Wicker, L. J. and Skamarock, W. C., 2002, Time-splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes. Monthly Weather Review, 130(8), 2088-2097. Zikanov, O., Slinn, D. N. and Dhanak, M. R., 2003, Large-eddy simulations of the wind-induced turbulent Ekman layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 495, 343-368. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,044 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 718 |
||