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ارزیابی عملکرد زهکش زیرزمینی در رشد گیاه لوبیا محلی (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) در کشت دوم اراضی شالیزاری ) مقیاس مدل فیزیکی) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 130، دوره 49، شماره 6، بهمن و اسفند 1397، صفحه 1243-1255 اصل مقاله (904.91 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.246316.667797 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ناستیا معماری1؛ مریم نوابیان* 2؛ نادر پیرمرادیان3؛ مسعود اصفهانی4 | ||
1گروه مهندسی اب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
2هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان و عضو وابسته پژوهشی پژوهشکده حوضه آبی دریای خزر | ||
3گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
4استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
چکیده | ||
برای رفع وضعیت ماندابی قسمت وسیعی از شالیزارهای شمال ایران و تأمین شرایط کشت در فصلهای پاییز و زمستان، احداث سامانههای زهکشی زیرزمینی ضروری است. عمق و فاصله مناسب زهکشها در سامانه زهکشی زیرزمینی، باعث به حداقل رساندن اثر منفی تخلیه زهآبها به محیط زیست میشود. این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی عملکرد کیفی و کمی زهکش زیرزمینی در مقیاس مدل فیزیکی در سال 1396 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان انجام شد. پس از آمادهسازی مدل فیزیکی و پر کردن مخزن با خاک شالیزاری و ایجاد لایه سخت در عمق 15 سانتیمتری خاک، کشت گیاه لوبیا محلی (پاچباقلا) انجام شد. در زمان وقوع بارندگی از زهآب و عصاره خاک نمونهبرداری شده و پارامترهای هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته و غلظت عناصر سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، نیترات و ارتوفسفات اندازهگیری شد. دبی خروجی زهکش و بار آبی با پیزومترهای نصب شده در مخزن در زمان قبل و بعد از وقوع باران قرائت شد. در طول اجرای آزمایش، روند تغییرات هدایت الکتریکی زهآب به میزان 60 درصد کاهشی و نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR) با توجه به مقدار بارش و جذب کلسیم و منیزیم خاک نوسانی بود. حداکثر مقدار نیترات زهآب 9/46 میلیگرم بر لیتر در ابتدای دوره رشد گیاه مشاهده شد که فراتر از حد مجاز تخلیه زهآب به محیط زیست بوده و اهمیت مدیریت کود را نشان میدهد. غلظت نیترات در خاک تحت تأثیر فاصله از زهکش قرار گرفت در حالی که غلظت ارتوفسفات تحت تأثیر فاصله از زهکش نبود. میانگین مقادیر بار آبی (17-7 سانتیمتر) با توجه به عمق توسعه ریشه گیاه، کارآمدی عملکرد زهکش در خروج زهآب و عدم مشکل آبگرفتگی ریشه گیاه در طول دوره رشد را نشان داد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بار آبی؛ شوری؛ عمق ریشه؛ نیترات | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Evaluation of qualitative and technical performance of subsurface drainage in phaseolus vulgaris l. as a second crop of paddy fields (physical model scale) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Nastia Memari1؛ Maryam Navabian2؛ Nader Pirmoradian3؛ Masoud Esfahani4 | ||
1M. Sc. Student of Water Eng. Dep., Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan | ||
2Associated Prof. of Water Eng. Dep., Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan and Dept. of Water Eng. and Environment, University of Guilan. Rasht, Iran | ||
3Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
4Prof. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dep., Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Subsurface drainage system is required to eliminate water logging and establish planting condition for the second crops in the autumn and winter seasons in the large part of paddy fields in northern Iran. Proper depth and distance in a drainage system minimizes the negative effects of drainage effluents on the environment. This research was carried out in a physical model scale of paddy fields in agricultural faculty of Gillan University during 1396 to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative performance of the subsurface drainage in the second crop cultivation. The phaseolus vulgaris l. crop was planted in the physical model after filling the box with the soil of paddy fields and creating the hard pan layer at the depth of 15 cm. Drainage water and soil solution samples were collected during the occurrence of precipitation and their electrical conductivity, acidity, sodium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and orthophosphate parameters were measured. The pressure head and drainage discharge were measured before and after precipitation events. The trend of electrical conductivity of the drainage water was decreased 60% as compared to the initial value and the amounts of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were oscillated due to precipitation and calcium and magnesium adsorption in the soil. The maximum amount of nitrate in the drainage water was 46.9 mg/l at the beginning of the crop growth period, which exceeded the permissible level of drainage discharge into the environment and indicates the importance of fertilizer management. The concentration of nitrate in the soil was affected by the distance from the drain, while the concentration of orthophosphate was not affected. The mean values of pressure head (7-17 cm) with respect to the root depth, showed an efficient drainage performance regarding to the drainage discharge and no water logging at the root depth during the growth period. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Pressure head, salinity, Root depth, Nitrate | ||
مراجع | ||
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