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مطالعه شکاف عملکرد و شکاف بهرهوری آب گندم، جو و ذرت در استان قزوین | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 143، دوره 49، شماره 6، بهمن و اسفند 1397، صفحه 1405-1417 اصل مقاله (909.55 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.253566.667865 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مهنوش جناب1؛ بیژن نظری* 2 | ||
1دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) | ||
2استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) | ||
چکیده | ||
تعیین شکاف بهرهوری آب برای برنامهریزی بهبود بهرهوری و اتخاذ راهکارهای افزایش بهرهوری از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این مطالعه در استان قزوین و بر اساس پروتکلهای اطلس جهانی شکاف عملکرد انجام شده است. در این راستا، از گردآوری اطلاعات آبی و زراعی، شبیهسازی گیاهی با استفاده از نسخه 5 مدل آکواکراپ و پهنهبندی اقلیم و خاک از طریق نرمافزار GIS استفاده شد. شکاف عملکرد گندم، جو و ذرت در استان به ترتیب 5/5، 4/5 و 7/6 تن بر هکتار و شکاف بهرهوری آب گندم، جو ذرت به ترتیب 82/0، 47/0 و 22/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب تعیین گردید. در بین نواحی اقلیمی مختلف، شکاف عملکرد و بهرهوری آب متفاوت بوده و بهرهوری آب در سالهای مختلف، تغییراتی داشته است. متوسط شاخص بهرهوری نسبی آب (نسبت بهرهوری فعلی به بهرهوری پتانسیل) نیز برای گندم، جو و ذرت به ترتیب 37/0، 54/0 و 39/0 درصد برآورد گردید. از این منظر، در بین محصولات مورد مطالعه، محصول جو وضعیت بهتری داشته است. بالا بودن شکاف بین وضعیت موجود و وضعیت پتانسیل نشان از نقاط ضعف قابلتوجه در مدیریت تولید کشاورزی و مدیریت آبیاری دارد. این شکاف همچنین نشان میدهد که فرصتهای بالقوهای برای ارتقای بهرهوری آب و کاهش فشار به منابع آب و افزایش امنیت غذایی وجود دارد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پتانسیل بهره وری؛ پهنهبندی اقلیمی؛ شکاف عملکرد؛ مدیریت آبیاری | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The study of Water Productivity and Yield Gap of Wheat, Barley and Maize in Qazvin Province | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
mahnoush jenab1؛ Bijan Nazari2 | ||
1Graduate student of MSc in Irrigation and drainage engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
2Assistant Professor of Water Sciences and Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Determination of water productivity gap is very important for planning and accomplishing water productivity improvement and strategies. This study has been carried out in Qazvin province based on GYGA protocols, which is an international methodology in yield gap analysis. Water and crop data gathering, climate and soil classification with GIS and crop modeling with Aqua Crop model version 5 were used for this purpose. Yield gap of wheat, barley and maize were determined to be 5.4, 5.5 and 6.7 ton/ha, respectively. Also, water productivity gap of wheat, barley and maize was 0.82, 0.47 and 1.22 kg/m3, respectively. The Yield gap and water productivity gap were varied in different climate zones and water productivity was varied in different years. The mean relative water productivity index (the ratio of current to potential water productivity) for wheat, barley and maize were estimated 0.38, 0.54 and 0.39%, respectively. From this viewpoint, barely crop has had better status among the proposed crops. The high water productivity gaps between the current and potential water productivity show that there are considerable weak points in agricultural production and irrigation management. In addition, there are high opportunities for enhancing water productivity and food security and decreasing pressure on water resources. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Potential Productivity, Climate Classification, Yield Gap, Irrigation management | ||
مراجع | ||
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