پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,504 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,121,879 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,229,529 |
بررسی عصب‌شناختی مغز رهبران سازمانی در فعالیت مرتبط با تفکر استراتژیک: چگونه برای مطالعه و آزمایش با ابزار الکتروآنسفالوگرافیکمی، تکالیف شناختی طراحی‌کنیم؟ | ||
| مدیریت بازرگانی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 11، شماره 1، 1398، صفحه 63-86 اصل مقاله (1.59 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jibm.2018.263731.3178 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| منصور شیرزاد1؛ محمد ابویی اردکان* 2؛ محمد علی نظری3؛ آرین قلی پور4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم اعصابشناختی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 4استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: طی دو دهه گذشته، مدل‌های مفهومی متعددی برای تفکر استراتژیک مطرح شده، ولی ابزارهای چندانی برای سنجش و مطالعه تفکر استراتژیک در سطح فردی ارائه نشده است. روش‌های علم عصب‌شناختی، همان‌طور که طی چند دهه گذشته برای مطالعه و سنجش تفکر خلاق از آنها استفاده شده، می‌توانند ما را در مطالعه تفکر استراتژیک یاری دهند. روش: پژوهش حاضر با مرور ادبیات موضوع تفکر استراتژیک و پژوهشهای انجام‌شده درباره خلاقیت در زمینه EEG، چگونگی طراحی تکالیف شناختی برای مطالعه تفکر استراتژیک را تشریح می‌کند، سپس به‌عنوان مطالعه‌ای مقدماتی در یک پژوهش آزمایشگاهی، تفکر استراتژیک را بررسی کرده و نتایج آن را ارائه می‌دهد. نمونه پژوهش حاضر، 10 نفر از مدیران و مدیران میانی از یک مجتمع آموزشی غیردولتی هستند که به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب شده و در دو موقعیت آرامش و تفکر استراتژیک با ابزار الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کمی (QEEG) تصویربرداری مغزی شده‌اند. یافتهها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تغییرات شدت موج آلفا در تمامی نواحی قشر مغز در مقایسه با تغییرات سایر امواج، معنادار بود. تغییرات معنادار در شدت مطلق امواج آلفا با نتایج مشاهده‌شده در آزمایش‌های مرتبط با خلاقیت، قابل مقایسه است. همچنین تغییرات شدت امواج آلفا (Hz8-12) در تکالیف شناختی PT، TT و ST با یکدیگر مقایسه شد. نتیجهگیری: تکلیف شناختی TT برای مطالعه تفکر استراتژیک در زمینه EEG مناسب‌تر است، زیرا تغییرات شدت امواج آلفا حین انجام این تکلیف شناختی در مقایسه با دو تکلیف شناختی دیگر، افزایش بیشتری را نشان می‌داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تفکر استراتژیک؛ تکلیف شناختی؛ تفکر خلاق؛ علم عصب‌شناختی؛ الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کمی (QEEG)؛ امواج مغزی آلفا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Cognitive Neurological Investigation of Organizational Leaders’ Brain in the Strategic Thinking Activity: How to Design Cognitive Tasks for a Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) Based Approach? | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mansour Shirzad1؛ Mohammad Abooyee Ardakan2؛ Mohammad Ali Nazari3؛ Arian Gholipour4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 4Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective Over the past two decades, several conceptual models have been proposed for strategic thinking, but few tools have been developed to measure and study strategic thinking at the individual level. Neuropsychological techniques, as they have been used to study and measure the creative thinking over the past few decades, can help us in studying strategic thinking. In this paper, at first, conceptual models and different dimensions of strategic thinking and its measurement methods are reviewed. Similar researches in the field of creativity conducted using neurological approaches and brain imaging tools can be considered as a good guideline to help doing such a research. To study the function of the brain, it is necessary for the person, under investigation, to be given a cognitive assignment in order to think about it. While thinking about that assignment, their brain function can be studied, so the characteristics of cognitive assignments are described for the study of strategic thinking, and cognitive tasks for such studies are proposed to be selected within the field of electroencephalography. Finally, the results of a laboratory study are reviewed and the results will be analyzed. Methodology The present research is a part of a comprehensive fundamental research. This research is descriptive and exploratory in nature and a pilot project was designed to collect and analyze the data. Due to the nature of the subject, the present research is a type of pilot project in which the dependent variable (brain wave patterns) has been studied after providing an independent variable (strategic thinking). The present study describes how to design cognitive assignments to study strategic thinking by reviewing the literature on strategic thinking and research on creativity in electroencephalography, and then, as a preliminary study in a laboratory research, examines strategic thinking and presents its results. A sample size of ten managers and middle managers from a nongovernmental educational center has been selected based on availability factors and brain imaging was done within two states of relaxation and strategic thinking using electroencephalographic tools. Findings The results show that changes in alpha wave intensity were significant in all regions of the cortex compared to other waves. Significant changes in the absolute intensity of alpha waves are comparable with the observed results in creativity-related experiments. In addition, changes in the intensity of alpha waves (12-8 Hz) were compared with each other in PT, TT, and ST cognitive assignments. The results indicate that changes in the intensity of alpha waves were significant in comparison with changes in other brain wave. During the day when we are awake, brain imaging by electroencephalography shows different types of brain electric waves at a time. These waves are classified from the lowest frequency (highest wavelength) to the highest frequency (shortest wavelength) as Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma respectively. Alpha waves are in the range of 8 to 13 Hz and also the changes in the intensity of alpha waves (12 Hz) were compared within the three PT, TT, and ST cognitive assignments. Based on the paired T-test results, there is no significant difference in the alpha waves intensity variation between the cognitive tasks of ST and TT. But, there is a significant difference in the alpha waves intensity variation between the cognitive tasks of ST and PT. Conclusion The human brain should be able to create a large amount of alpha waves for creative inspiration. Creative people can use alpha-generated waves to solve the problems they face. Those lacking creativity, when faced with a problem, cannot produce more alpha waves, and consequently they cannot have creative ideas to solve problems. The proper level of alpha waves leads to relaxation on free time and enjoying the environment, optimal performance, less anxiety, stronger immune system, positive thinking, mind and body integrity, intuition, inner-thinking, emotional balance, euphoria, inner awareness and increased hormonal secretion of Serotonin. The results show that PT cognitive assignment is not suitable for studying strategic thinking. It seems that the cognitive role of TT is more appropriate for the study of strategic thinking in the field of electroencephalography, because the changes in the alpha intensity during this cognitive assignment showed a greater increase compared to the other two cognitive tasks. With regard to ST cognitive assignment, one can use this cognitive assignment if they follow the correct guidelines. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Strategic thinking, Cognitive task, Creative thinking, Cognitive neuroscience, QEEG, Alpha brainwaves | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
آذرپور، سمانه؛ ابویی اردکان، محمد؛ قلی پور، آرین (1394). ارتباط تفکر استراتژیک و نوع شخصیت مدیران در سازمان‌های رسانه‌ای. فصلنامه علوم مدیریت ایران، 10 (40)، 45-66. سلطانی، تهمینه (1397). بررسی مؤلفههای تفکر استراتژیک در مدیران شرکت گاز استان خوزستان بهوسیله مدل جین لیدکا. دو ماهنامه مطالعات کاربردی در علوم مدیریت و توسعه، 3(2)، 77 -96. درگی، پرویز (1392). نورو مارکتینگ: نظریه و کاربرد (چاپ اول). تهران: انتشارات بازاریابی. گل محمدی، عماد؛ کفچه، پرویز؛ سلطانپناه، هیرش (1392). سبک‌های رهبری و تفکر استراتژیک در سطح سازمانی. مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی، 4(15)، 93-114. مشبکی، اصغر؛ خزاعی، آناهیتا (1387). طراحی مدل عناصر تفکر استراتژیک در سازمان‌های ایرانی. نشریه مدیریت بازرگانی، 1(1)، 118-105. منوریان، عباس؛ آقازاده، هاشم؛ شهامت نژاد، مینا (1391). سنجش تفکر استراتژیک در مدیران شهرداری تهران. نشریه مدیریت بازرگانی، 4 (12)، 129-146. موسیخانی، مرتضی؛ ایراننژاد پاریزی، مهدی؛ قاسمپور، اکبر (1394). ارزیابی تفکر استراتژیک اثربخش در مدیران شرکت ملی پالایش و پخش فراورده‌های نفتی ایران. فصلنامه علمی ـ پژوهشی مدیریت منابع انسانی در صنعت نفت، 7(25)، 125- 144. مینتزبرگ، هنری (1392). جنگل استراتژی، ترجمه محمود احمدپور داریانی (چاپ چهارم)، تهران: انتشارات جاجرمی. ندافی، طاهره؛ ابویی اردکان، محمد؛ قلیپور، آرین (1397). بررسی مدل‌های ذهنی مدیران را در فرایند تفکر استراتژیک. نشریه مدیریت بازرگانی، 10 (2)، 461 - 486. References Azarpour, S., Abooyee Ardakan, M., & Gholipour, A. (2016). The Relationship between Strategic Thinking and the Type of Personality of Managers in Media Organizations. Iranian journal of management science, 10(40), 45-66. (in Persian)
Balthazard, P. A., Waldman, D.A., Thatcher, R.W., & Hannah, S.T. (2012). Differentiating Transformational and Non-Transformational Leaders on the Basis of Neurological Imaging. Leadership Quarterly, 23 (2), 244–258.
Becker, W.J., Russell, C., & Sanfey, A.G. (2011). Organizational Neuroscience: Taking Organizational Theory Inside the Neural Black Box. Journal of Management, 37 (4), 933-961.
Bonn, I. (2001). Management Decision Developing Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency Developing Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency. Management Decision Journal of Strategy and Management Journal of Strategy and Management, 39 (10), 63–71.
Bonn, I. (2005). Improving Strategic Thinking: A Multilevel Approach. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26 (5), 336–354.
Butler, M.J., Senior, C. (2007). Research Possibilities for Organizational Cognitive Neuroscience. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1118 (0), 206–210.
Dargi, P. (2013). Neuromarketing: theory and practice. First edition, Tehran: marketing publishing. (in Persian)
Dulebohn, J. H., Conlon, D.E., Sarinopoulos, I., Davison, R.B., & Mc Namara, G. (2009). The Biological Bases of Unfairness: Neuroimaging Evidence for the Distinctiveness of Procedural and Distributive Justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 110 (2), 140–151.
Fink, A., Benedek, M. (2014). EEG Alpha Power and Creative Ideation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 44, 11–23.
Fink, A., Benedek, M., Grabner R. H., Staudt, B., & Neubauer, A.C. (2007). Creativity Meets Neuroscience: Experimental Tasks for the Neuroscientific Study of Creative Thinking. Methods, 42 (1), 68–76.
Fink, A., Grabner, R. H., Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2006). Divergent Thinking Training Is Related to Frontal Electroencephalogram Alpha Synchronization. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23 (8), 2241–2246.
Goldman, E. F., & Casey, A. (2010). Building a Culture That Encourages Strategic Thinking. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17 (2), 119–128.
Goldman, E. F. (2013). Strategic thinking: Requirements, Development, and Assessment. Exploring Strategic Thinking: Insights to Assess, Develop, and Retain Army Strategic Thinkers. United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 32-55
Golmohammadi, E., Kafcheh, P., Soltanpanah, H. (2013). Leadership styles and strategic thinking at the organizational level. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 4(15), 93-114. (in Persian)
Herrmann, A. (2007). Creativity and Strategic Thinking:The Coming Competencies, 1–6. Available in: www.hbdi.com.
Herrmann, N. (1995). Creative Problem Solving. IEEE Potentials Magazine, 4–9.
Klein, H. E., & D ’esposito, M. (2007). Neurocognitive Inefficacy of the Strategy Process. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 1118. York Academy of Sciences, 163–185.
Lee, N., Butler, M. J. R., & Senior, C. (2010). The Brain in Business: Neuromarketing and Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience. Der Markt, 49 (3–4), 129–131.
Liedtka, J. M. (1998). Strategic Thinking: Can It Be Taught?. Long Range Planning, 31 (97), 120–129.
Martínez, l., Venkatraman, D.V., Cappa, S., Zollo, M., & Brusoni,S. (2015). Cognitive Neurosciences and Strategic Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Tying the Knot. Advances in Strategic Management: Cognition and Strategy, 32, 351–370.
Mason, M. F., Dyer, R., and Norton, M. I. (2009). Neural Mechanisms of Social Influence. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110, 152–159.
Mintzberg, H., Translated by Ahmadpour Dariani, A. (2013). Strategy Safari. Tehran: Jajarmi publishing. (in Persian)
Monavvarian, A., Aghazadeh, H., Shahamatnezhad, M. (2012). Measure strategic thinking in Tehran municipality managers. Journal of Business Management, 4(12), 129-146. (in Persian)
Mosabbaki, A., Khazaee, A. (2008). Model design of strategic thinking elements in Iranian organizations. Journal of Business Management,1(1), 105-118. (in Persian)
Moosakhani, M., Irannezhad Parizi, M., Ghasempour, A. (2016). Assessing Effective Strategic Thinking at the Managers of National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company. Journal of Human Resources Management in Oil Industry, 7(25), 125-144. (in Persian)
Naddafi, T., Abooyee Ardakan, M., & Gholipoor, A. (2018). Investigation of Managers’ Mental Modeling regarding Strategic Thinking. Journal of Business Management, 10(2), 461 – 486. (in Persian)
Pisapia, J., Sun-Keung Pang, N., Hee, T. F., Lin, Y., & Morris, J. D. (2009). A Comparison of the Use of Strategic Thinking Skills of Aspiring School Leaders in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Shanghai, and the United States: An Exploratory Study. International Education Studies, 2(2), 46-58.
Pisapia, J., Reyes-Guerra, D., & Coukos-Semmel, E. (2005). Developing the Leader’s Strategic Mindset: Establishing the Measures. Leadership Review,Kravis Leadership Institute, Claremont McKenna College, 5 (1), 41–68.
Powell, T. C. (2011). Neurostrategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32 (13): 1484–1499.
Powell, T. C., Lovallo, D., & Fox, C. R. (2011). Behavioral Strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32 (13), 1369–1386.
Soltani, T. (2018). Investigating the Components of Strategic Thinking at the Managers of Khuzestan Gas Company by Jane Lidka Model. Applied studies in management and development sciences, 3(2), 77-96. (in Persian)
Srinivasan, N. (2007). Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity: EEG Based Approaches. Methods, 42 (1), 109–116.
Waldman, D. A., Balthazard, P. A., & Peterson, S. J. (2011). Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 22 (6), 1092–1106.
Waldman, D. A., Peterson, S., & Peterson, J. (2011). Leadership and Neuroscience: Can We Revolutionize the Way That Inspirational Leaders Are Identified and Developed?. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25 (1), 60–74.
Ward, J. (2012). The Student Guide’s to Social Neuroscience. UK: psychology press, Taylor & Francis group. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,162 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,541 |
||