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بررسی کمیت و کیفیت پسماندهای ساحلی ـ مطالعه موردی سواحل شهر نور | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 44، شماره 4، اسفند 1397، صفحه 735-746 اصل مقاله (969.82 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2019.263381.1007717 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بنفشه کاویانی فر* 1؛ بابک توکلی2؛ جواد ترکمن3؛ ابوالفضل محمدطاهری4 | ||
| 1گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان | ||
| 3استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
| 4کارشناس ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران ـ معاونت هماهنگی امور عمرانی استانداری همدان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سواحل دریا از جمله مناطق گردشگری هستند که در قالب پلاژهای ساحلی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی کمیت و کیفیت پسماندهای تولیدی سواحل شهر نور در سال 1397-1396 و تخمین سناریوهای مدیریتی مناسب پسماند می‌باشد. داده‌های به‌دست آمده به‌وسیله نرم‌افزارهای excel و spssمورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت تا آزمون‌های آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه و توکی اجرا گردد. نتایج نشان داد، درصد اجزای پسماند به‌ترتیب شامل مواد فسادپذیر(50/53) درصد، پلاستیک(39/17) درصد، کاغذ و مقوا(48/8) درصد، سایر(69/6) درصد، شیشه(98/4) درصد، PET (22/4) درصد، پارچه(96/2) درصد و فلز(77/1)درصد می‌باشد. مقدار سرانه تولید پسماند به‌ازای هر نفر 620/0 کیلوگرم در روز می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، به‌دلیل افزایش میزان پسماند تولیدی و تعداد مراجعین در تابستان و ایام نوروز، سیاست‌های تفکیک از مبدا توسط مراجعین و اخذ تضمین وجه مناسب جهت بازگرداندن اجزاء تر و خشک پسماند به‌عنوان روش مدیریتی پیشنهاد می‌شود. علاوه بر این به‌دلیل قابلیت تبدیل بخش قابل توجهی از پسماند تولیدی به کود، ایجاد واحدهای ورمی‌کمپوست پیشنهاد می‌گردد. از طرفی(8/39) درصد پسماند تولیدی، قابلیت بازیافت دارد که می‌توان گام مؤثری در زمینه بازیافت آن برداشت. همچنین به‌دلیل بالا بودن سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی منطقه و آلودگی منابع خاک و آب، اجرای دفن بهداشتی پسماند پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کمیت و کیفیت پسماند؛ مناطق ساحلی؛ شهر نور | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A investigation of the quantity and quality of coastal solid waste- a case study coasts of Noor city | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Banafsheh Kavyanifar1؛ Babak Tavakoli2؛ Javad Torkaman3؛ Abolfazl Mohammadtaheri4 | ||
| 1Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan | ||
| 4Master of Science in Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Hamedan Province Deputy Directorate for Development Coordination | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Shoreline is one of the tourist areas that use as coastal plagues.Coastal areas are always attractive for tourists due to special features. Tourism as an effective factor Couse pollution of the coast. . A large amount of solid waste is accumulated daily on the coast and causing serious damage to these areas(Rezazadeh et al, 2013; Joozi et al, 2012). One of the most important factors in improving the environmental and health conditions of the coast is proper waste management. The first step in designing waste management systems is to know the amount of produced waste. Lack of knowledge about the amount of produced waste causes health and aesthetic problems in the environment. generally, various factors Are effect generation rate increase, including economic status, geographical location, seasons, days of the week, and customs(Del angiz et al, 2012). One of the most important duties of the municipality is waste management, which includes: collecting, transporting and disposing of them, and a significant portion of the municipal budget is allocated to it. Therefore, increasing the amount of tourism in coastal areas and the amount of waste generated by them couse to increase the cost of the municipality(Monavvary, 2008). In addition, other effects are various health problems, such as diseases caused by water and soil pollution, and illnesses caused by an increase in the population of vermin animals. Therefore, in order to improve the environmental and health conditions of the coasts, planning and generated waste is necessary. Also, it has ease of access to the Tehran and other populated areas of Iran. At present, the municipality of the Noor city, as a trustee of waste management in the coastal areas, collects waste from these areas and other areas on a daily basis and transfers directly to the waste disposal site of the Noor city. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study and the solid waste of coastal areas of Noor city during 12 months from July 2017 to May 2018 has been investigated. The weight analysis method has been used to measure the quantity of waste. Random samples were taken from the contents of the bins available at the selected stations. Sampling of the contents of each beans was performed to separate the components and determine the weight. These components were divided into eight categories: degradable, paper and cardboard, glass, plastics, PET, metal, textile and others. From collection of the results obtained each month, a numerical mean for each of the eight components was obtained. In order to measuring density of solid waste, one sampling every month and tree sampling every season perfumed and means of them selected as a seasons density. collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, ANOVA and Tukey tests.Because of some innovating analyze this research, we used the results studies of coastal cities in order to compare the some of the parameters used and the lack of similar research in coastal not whole coastal city. Based on the results of this research, the highest part percentage of waste components were included: degradable (53/50 %), plastic (17.39%), paper and cardboard (8.48%), other (6.69%), glass (4.98%), PET (4.22%), textile (2.69%), and metal (1.77%). The results of density measurement of waste showed that the average annual density of waste was 172.70 kg/m3. The innovation of this study is density measurement of coastal area wastes. The results showed that the per capita of daily waste generation in the Noor city and in the study area is 1.4 kg and 0.155 kg, respectively. The results of this study showed that the highest amount of waste generation was in September and the lowest amount was in December.This comparison shows that the situation in the regions is somewhat similar because of the months of the tourist's presence. In this research, with the survey of the tourist's presence in the coastal areas was showed that the difference between the number of visitors in the middle days and the weekend. There was also a significant difference between visitors to the coastal areas of the Noor city in different seasons of the year, which is the summer has the largest number of visitors. One-way test (ANOVA) was used to examination the different components of waste in the months of the year. There was a significant difference in the variables of degradable, glass, plastic, and PET in different months (p < 0.05). Average difference between the different components of the waste and the months based on Tukey's test was presented. The results showed that there was the highest amount of spoilable materials in the July, August, and September, and a significant difference between them and other months (in a significance level of 0.05) was seen. It is expected that the generation of degradable will increase in the range of study area due to holidays, weather conditions, increase in the number of tourists, and more use of fruit, vegetables in accommodation period. Tukey's test showed that the glass has the highest content in July and August, and there was a significant difference between July and August with other months, also there was no significant difference in compared to April, July, and September. The reason for this difference can be the increase in people's use of drinking glass bottles to relieve thirst in hot summer months. The results showed that the highest amount of plastic was in April, and there was a significant difference between April with November, December, and March, but there was no significant difference with other months. One of the reasons for this item can be traveling tourist on noroz and their excessive use of plastic jars and vacuumed food in the coastal areas. The results showed that the highest amount of PET was in August and it had a significant difference with other months, but there was no significant difference in compared to April, July, August, and October. The reason of this item could be from increasing the use of water bottles by travelers due to thirst in hot months in coastal areas.According to the results of this study, due to increased amount of produced waste and the number of visitors in summer and Nowruz, the policies of waste sorting in the source and obtaining deposits to separate wet and dry parts of waste as a management method is proposed. In addition, due to the ability to convert a significant amount of waste to fertilizer, it is recommended to create vermicomposting units. On the other hand, 39.8% of the waste products are recyclable, so it can be an effective step in recycling. Also, due to the high groundwater level in the area and pollution of soil and water resources, the implementation of sanitary landfill is proposed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Quantity and quality of waste, Costal areas, Noor city | ||
| مراجع | ||
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