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آنتیموان و اثرات آن بر اجزای محیطزیست | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 20، دوره 50، شماره 9، بهمن 1398، صفحه 2373-2399 اصل مقاله (1.69 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: یادداشت تحقیقاتی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.280131.668180 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نادر خادم مقدم ایگده لو* ؛ احمد گلچین؛ توحید روحی کلارلو | ||
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه یکی از مسائل محیطزیستی، آلوده شدن منابع خاک، آب و گیاه با فلزات سنگین میباشد. یکی از فلزات سنگین خطرناک آنتیموان (Sb) است که با تجمع در بافتهای گیاهی و حیوانی و انتقال آنها به زنجیره غذایی باعث به مخاطره افتادن سلامت انسان میشود. حد بحرانی Sb در آب آشامیدنی بهترتیب 5 و 6 میکروگرم بر لیتر توسط اتحادیه اروپا و آمریکا تعیین شده و همینطور سازمان بهداشت جهانی این حد را در خاک 35 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم اعلام کرده است. قرارگرفتن در معرض غلظتهای مختلف Sb میتواند باعث انواع بیماریها، سرطانها و نارساییهای ژنتیکی در انسان شود. علاوه بر این، موجب التهاب قرنیه، آماس پوست، ورم ملتحمه و ورم معده نیز میشود. غلظتهای بیشتر از حد بحرانی Sb در خاک میتواند موجب تنش اکسیداتیو شده و زیستتوده گیاهی، جوانهزنی، طول ریشه، ارتفاع گیاه و میزان فتوسنتز گیاهان را کاهش دهد. این عنصر تأثیر منفی بر جامعه میکروبی و آنزیمهای خاک داشته و میزان مهارکنندگی جمعیتهای میکروبی خاک بهصورت باکتریها > قارچها > اکتینومیستها > گزارش شده است. بهطور کلی جذب Sb توسط گیاهان در خاکهای اسیدی کمتر از خاکهای آهکی است و راهکارهای کاهش جذب Sb در خاکهای آهکی استفاده از کودهای فسفاته (اثر آنتاگونیستی فسفر با Sb)، کودهای حاوی گوگرد و کاربرد مواد آلی است. با توجه به وجود دو سازند آتشفشانی در کشور (سازند ارومیه-دختر و شرق کشور) که حاوی انواع فلزات سنگین از جمله Sb میباشند و افزایش بهرهبرداری و تعداد معادن Sb در استانهای آذربایجان غربی، سیستان و بلوچستان، کردستان و خراسان رضوی تعیین میزان آلودگی منابع آب و خاک این استانها و همینطور استانهای واقع بر روی دو سازند فوق الذکر لازم و ضروری بهنظر میرسد. همچنین در استانهای آذربایجان غربی و سیستان و بلوچستان تصفیه آبهای آشامیدنی از لحاظ آلودگی به Sb باید در برنامه کار دولت قرار گیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آلودگی؛ ریزجانداران؛ سازند ارومیه-دختر؛ کانی؛ منابع آب و خاک | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Antimony and Its Effects on the Components of Environment | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou؛ Ahmad Golchin؛ Tohid Rouhi Kelarlou | ||
department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Nowadays, one of the environmental issues is pollution of soil, water and plants resources with heavy metals. Antimony (Sb) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, which by accumulation in the plant and animal tissues and transmission to the food chain, endangers human health. The critical limit for Sb in drinking water has been determined by the European Union and the United States to be 5 and 6 μg/l, respectively. The World Health Organization has reported this limit for the soil, 35 mg/kg. Exposure to Sb with various concentrations can cause a variety of diseases, cancers and genetic defects in humans. In addition, it causes keratitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and gastritis. Concentrations above the critical Sb level in the soil can cause oxidative stress and reduce plant biomass, germination, root length, plant height, and plant photosynthesis. This element has a negative effect on microbial communities and soil enzymes and the rate of inhibition of soil microbial populations has been reported as bacteria> fungi> actinomyces. In general, the absorption of Sb by plants in acid soils is lower than calcareous soils and solutions for reducing Sb absorption in calcareous soils are to use phosphate fertilizers (antagonistic effect of phosphorus with Sb), fertilizers containing sulfur and the use of organic materials. Considering the existence of two volcanic formations in the country (Urmia-Dokhtar and East of the country formation) that contain various types of heavy metals, including Sb and increasing the exploitation and the number of Sb mines in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kurdistan, and Khorasan Razavi, it seems necessary determining the pollution levels of the water and soil resources of these provinces, as well as the provinces located on the two above-mentioned formations. Also, in the provinces of West Azerbaijan and Sistan and Baluchestan, the treatment of drinking water in terms of contamination with Sb should be on the government's agenda. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
microorganisms, Mineral, Pollution, Urmia-Dokhtar formation, water and soil resources | ||
مراجع | ||
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