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اثر مالچ بر تغییرات رطوبت، دما و شار گرمایی خاک در حضور سطح ایستابی کم عمق | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 10، دوره 50، شماره 9، بهمن 1398، صفحه 2213-2225 اصل مقاله (1.18 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.277426.668143 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
اشکان یوسفی1؛ احمد فرخیان فیروزی* 2؛ میلاد امین زاده3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
3استادیار، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
یکی از اهداف اصلی بخش کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، بهبود بهرهوری از آب است. مالچپاشی یکی از مهمترین اقدامات زراعی در حفظ رطوبت و اصلاح محیط فیزیکی خاک است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی اثر مالچ (کاه و کلش) بر تغییرات رطوبت و حرارت در دو خاک با بافتهای شنی و لومی با سطح ایستابی ثابت 60 سانتیمتر در مقیاس لایسیمتر بوده است. بدین منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه فاکتور (مالچ، بافت و عمق خاک) انجام شد. مقدار رطوبت و دمای خاک در عمقهای مختلف 5، 10، 20، 30 و 50 سانتیمتر در طول90 روز، اندازهگیری شدند. همچنین شار حرارتی خاک در طی بازه زمانی موردنظر، محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر پوشش مالچ بر توزیع رطوبت و حرارت در هر دو خاک در سطح یک درصد معنیدار است، بهطوریکه مالچ منجر به ذخیره 25-20 درصدی رطوبت در لایه سطحی (5 سانتیمتری) خاک گردید. دلیل افزایش رطوبت این است که پوشش مالچ باعث تعدیل دما در نیمرخ خاک و کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک میشود. بعلاوه، اثر متقابل مالچ و بافت خاک بر دمای نیمرخ خاک تاثیری چشمگیر داشت (p<0.01). دامنه تغییرات روزانه دما در خاک لومی در حضور و بدون حضور مالچ، 11 و 5/17 درجه سلسیوس و در خاک شنی 14 و 5/18 درجه سانتیگراد در لایه سطحی بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که مقدار کل شار حرارتی در لایه 10-5 سانتیمتری سطحی در خاک لومی دارای پوشش مالچ در حدود 40 درصد کمتر از شار حرارتی در خاک لخت بوده است که احتمالا بهدلیل سایهاندازی پوشش مالچ و تغییر بیلان انرژی روی سطح خاک در طول روز بوده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
دمای خاک؛ رطوبت؛ آب زیرزمینی؛ مالچ؛ خاک لخت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Effect of Mulch on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Heat Flux Variation in the Presence of Shallow Groundwater | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
ashkan yusefi1؛ Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi2؛ Milad Aminzadeh3 | ||
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
3Assistant Professor, Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Improving water efficiency in arid and semi-arid regions is an ongoing goal in agricultural production. Mulching is one of the important agronomic practices in conserving and modifying the soil physical environment. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of mulch cover on soil temperature and water content in two sandy and loamy soil textures in the presence of shallow groundwater (60 cm). A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three factors (mulch, depth and soil texture). For this purpose, soil moisture content and temperature at different depths of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 cm were measured over 90 days. Soil heat flux was also calculated in this period. The results showed that the effect of mulch cover on soil moisture and temperature distribution in both soils was significant at 1% level with retaining a moisture content of 20-25% in surface layer (5 cm). These could be attributed to the role of mulch cover on shaping temperature equilibrium in soil profiles and reduction of surface evaporation. The interaction between the mulch and soil texture on soil temperature profile was also remarkable (p<0.01). Daily temperature fluctuations in the surface layer of loamy soil with and without mulch cover were measured 11 and 17.5 °C, and in the sandy soil, 14 and 18.5°C, respectively. Total heat flux in the 5-10 cm layer of loamy soil with mulch was approximately 40% less in comparison with the bare soil highlighting the effect of mulch cover on alternation of soil surface energy balance especially during daytime. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Soil temperature, Water content, Shallow groundwater, Mulch, bare soil | ||
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