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تأثیر تمرینات چشم ساکن بر رفتارهای خیرگی و پیش‌بینی ضربۀ پنالتی فوتبال در دروازه‌بان‌های خبره | ||
| رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 1، خرداد 1398، صفحه 35-51 اصل مقاله (988.75 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jmlm.2019.246558.1319 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی پشابادی* 1؛ علیرضا فارسی2؛ عباس بهرام3؛ افخم دانشفر4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیش‌بینی موفقیت‌آمیز از کلیدی‌ترین عوامل موفقیت در مهار ضربۀ پنالتی در فوتبال برای دروازه‌بانان است و معرفی مداخله‌های بهینه برای بهبود این توانایی می‌تواند در ارتقای سطح عملکرد مفید باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر تمرینات مبتنی بر چشم آرام بر پیش‌بینی ضربۀ پنالتی توسط دروازه‌بان‌های خبره و رفتارهای خیرگی آنها در حین پیش‌بینی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش حاضر، 20 دروازه‌بان خبرۀ شاغل در مسابقات لیگ برتر تهران بودند که به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه تمرین و مداخله‌نما قرار گرفتند و آزمون‌ها و مداخله‌های تمرینی را پشت سر گذاشتند. از دستگاه ردیاب چشم پاپیل برای ثبت داده‌های خیرگی و از تکنیک انسداد زمانی برای سنجش پیش‌بینی استفاده شد. فیلمِ 30 ضربۀ پنالتی توسط بازیکنان خبرۀ فوتبال در شرایط واقعی فیلم‌برداری شده و در لحظۀ تماس پا با توپ تصویر مسدود شد که دروازه‌بان‌ها با نگاه به فیلم‌ها باید پیش‌بینی خود از مسیر ضربه را اعلام می‌کردند. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب 2×4 نشان داد که با وجود یکسان بودن گروه تمرین و مداخله‌نما در پیش‌آزمون (05/0P>)، گروه تمرین در سایر مراحل برتری داشت و این برتری را در شرایط فشار نیز حفظ کرد (05/0P<). تمرینات موجب بهبود میزان موفقیت در پیش‌بینی و تغییر در رفتار خیرگی متناسب با پیش‌بینی موفقیت‌آمیز شد و تغییرات به‌وجودآمده در فاصلۀ 72 ساعت یادداری و آزمون انتقال تحت فشار نیز پایدار بود. از مداخلات تمرینی مبتنی‌بر چشم ساکن، می‌توان به‌عنوان یک بستۀ تمرینی در کنار برنامه‌های تمرین جسمانی و مهارت‌های دروازه‌بان‌های فوتبال استفاده کرد و به این ترتیب به بهبود قابلیت‌های ادراکی و استفادۀ بهینه از نشانه‌های بینایی به آنها کمک کرد | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ادراک؛ پیش‌بینی؛ پنالتی؛ دروازه‌بانی؛ خبرگی؛ خیرگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Quiet Eye Training on Gaze Behaviors and Anticipation of Soccer Penalty Kick in Expert Goalkeepers | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Pashabadi1؛ Alireza Farsi2؛ Abbas Bahram3؛ Afkham Daneshfar4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Successful anticipation is a key factor for success in saving soccer penalty kick for goalkeepers and introducing optimal interventions to enhance this ability can be useful for improving the level of performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on anticipation of penalty kick by expert goalkeepers and their gaze behaviors during this anticipation. Participants were 20 expert goalkeepers working in Tehran pro league matches who were randomly assigned to training and placebo groups and passed tests and training interventions. Gaze data were registered using Pupil eye tracker and penalty kick anticipation was recorded using temporal occlusion paradigm. 30 videos of real penalty kicks by expert soccer players were recorded and ball-foot contact moments were occluded so that goalkeepers could anticipate the direction of ball kicking in those videos. Results of 2*4 mixed ANOVA showed that despite of homogeneity of training and placebo groups in pretest (P>0.05), training group had advantage in other phases and this advantage was maintained under pressure (P<0.05). The training enhanced successful anticipation and changed gaze behaviors proportional to successful anticipation and these changes were sustained during 72 hours of retention and transfer test under pressure. Training interventions based on quiet eye can be used as a training package along with physical training and skills of soccer goalkeepers and therefore help them to improve perceptual capabilities and to optimally use visual signs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Anticipation, expertise, goalkeeping, gaze, penalty, perception | ||
| مراجع | ||
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