پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,504 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,123,962 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,232,098 |
اثر دو نوع بیوچار بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک موثر در مدیریت آبیاری مناطق بیابانی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 50، شماره 4، شهریور 1398، صفحه 965-975 اصل مقاله (865.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.266029.668011 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی یزدان‌پناهی1؛ خالد احمدآلی* 2؛ سلمان زارع3؛ محمد جعفری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت مناطق بیابانی دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده توسعه و رشد بسیاری از گیاهان، در مناطق خشک و بیابانی است. افزودن مواد اصلاحی به خاک برای بهبود ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب، یکی از مهمترین راه‌های مقابله با کمبود آب بشمار میرود. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر افزودن بیوچارهای طبیعی و بیوچار کمپوست زباله شهری بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک (وزن مخصوص ظهری، وزن مخصوص حقیقی، رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی، رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی، آب قابل دسترس، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و دور آبیاری)، که مهمترین تاثیر را در مدیریت آبیاری دارند، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای در نظر گرفته‌شده شامل فاکتور بیوچار طبیعی در چهار سطح (0، 1، 3 و 5 درصد)، بیوچار کمپوست زباله شهری در چهار سطح (0، 1، 3 و 5 درصد) و فاکتور گونه گیاهی در یک سطح (گونه گیاهی اسکنبیل) (جمعاً 16 بستر خاک) بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک نشان داد که افزودن بیوچارها به خاک تأثیر افزایشی معناداری بر ظرفیت زراعی، آب قابل‌دسترس و دور آبیاری و تأثیر کاهشی معنیداری بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی داشت. به‌طوریکه با افزودن بیوچارها به خاک ظرفیت زراعی، نقطه پژمردگی دائم، آب قابل‌دسترس و دور آبیاری هر کدام به ترتیب میانگین افزایشی 2/17، 8/16، 4/17 و 2/3 درصدی و هدایت هیدرولیکی، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی هر کدام به ترتیب میانگین کاهشی 4/39، 4/4 و 7/11 درصدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشتند. از بین تیمارهای مورد مطالعه، تیمار 13 (خاک + 5 % بیوچار طبیعی + 5 % بیوچار زباله شهری) نسبت به تیمار شاهد بیشترین تأثیر را بر پارامترهای ذکر شده داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بایوچار طبیعی؛ خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک؛ بایوچار کمپوست زباله | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Two Different Biochars on the Soil Physical Properties Affecting Irrigation Management in Desert Regions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Yazdanpanahi1؛ Khaled Ahmadaali2؛ Salman Zare3؛ Mohammad Jafari4 | ||
| 1MSc student in Management of Desert Areas, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water is the most important limiting factor for plant growth in dry and desert regions. Addition of soil amendments is one of the most important practices to reduce water shortage by improving soil physical properties and water use efficiency. In this study, the effect of natural and urban waste-compost biochars on the soil physical properties (e.g., bulk density, particle density, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and irrigation interval) as the most effective parameters on irrigation were investigated. This experiment was conducted as factorial and in a completely randomized blocks design with three factors and three replications in greenhouse condition. The proposed factors were consisted of four levels of natural biochar (0, 1, 3, and 5 % of weight) and four levels of municipal waste-compost biochar (0, 1, 3, and 5 %) and a plant factor at one level (Calligonum species). The results showed that the addition of biochars to the soil had a significant increasing effect on the field capacity, available water, and irrigation intervals and a significant decreasing effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk and particle density. Field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water and irrigation interval had an average incremental rate of 17.2, 16.8, 17.4, and 3.2% respectively and hydraulic conductivity, bulk and actual density had an average decremental rate of 39.4, 4.4 and 11.7 % respectively as compared to the control treatment. Treatment No. 13 (soil+5% natural biochar+5% urban waste compost biochar) had the most effectiveness on the above mentioned parameters. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| natural biochar, soil physical properties, urban waste compost biochar | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abel, S., Peters, A., Trinks, S., Schonsky, H., Facklam, M., & Wessolek, G. (2013). Impact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil. Geoderma, 202, 183-191. Aggelides, S. M., & Londra, P. A. (2000). Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil. Bioresource technology, 71(3), 253-259. Alihouri, M., Naseri, A. A., Boroomand-Nasab, S., & Kiani, A. (2015). Effect of deficit irrigation and water salinity on soil salinity distribution and date plants vegetative growth. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 4(3), 1-13. (In Farsi) Andrenelli, M. C., Maienza, A., Genesio, L., Miglietta, F., Pellegrini, S., Vaccari, F. P., & Vignozzi, N. (2016). Field application of pelletized biochar: Short term effect on the hydrological properties of a silty clay loam soil. Agricultural Water Management, 163, 190-196. Beigi Harchegani, H.A., & Haghshenas Gorgabi, M. (2013). Interaction effect of Mianeh Zeolite and Taravat A200 polymer on water retention and available water in a coarse-textured soil. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 19(4), 679-692. (In Farsi) Briggs, C., Breiner, J. M., & Graham, R. C. (2012). Physical and chemical properties of Pinus ponderosa charcoal: implications for soil modification. Soil Science, 177(4), 263-268. Burrell, L. D., Zehetner, F., Rampazzo, N., Wimmer, B., & Soja, G. (2016). Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties. Geoderma, 282, 96-102. De Melo Carvalho, M., Maia, A. d. H. N., Madari, B., Bastiaans, L., Van Oort, P., Heinemann, A., . . . Meinke, H. (2014). Biochar increases plant-available water in a sandy loam soil under an aerobic rice crop system. Solid Earth, 5(2), 939. Emerson, W. W. (1995). Water-retention, organic-C and soil texture. Soil Research, 33(2), 241-251. Frankenberger, W., Tabatabai, M., Adriano, D., & Doner, H. (1996). Bromine, chlorine, & fluorine. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3—Chemical Methods (methodsofsoilan3), 833-867. Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis1. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1—Physical and mineralogical methods (methodsofsoilan1), 383-411. Helmke, P. A., & Sparks, D. (1996). Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3—Chemical Methods (methodsofsoilan3), 551-574. Ibrahim, A., Usman, A. R. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Nadeem, M., Ok, Y. S., & Al-Omran, A. (2017). Effects of conocarpus biochar on hydraulic properties of calcareous sandy soil: influence of particle size and application depth. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(2), 185-197. Khandan, A., and Astaraee, A. (2005). Effect of organic (municipal waste composte, manure) and fertilizers on some physical properties of soil. Journal of Desert, 10(2), 361-368. (In Farsi) Kim, K. H., Kim, J.-Y., Cho, T.-S., & Choi, J. W. (2012). Influence of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar obtained from the fast pyrolysis of pitch pine (Pinus rigida). Bioresource technology, 118, 158-162. Koide, R. T., Nguyen, B. T., Skinner, R. H., Dell, C. J., Peoples, M. S., Adler, P. R., & Drohan, P. J. (2015). Biochar amendment of soil improves resilience to climate change. Gcb Bioenergy, 7(5), 1084-1091. Lal, R. (2011). Sequestering carbon in soils of agro-ecosystems. Food policy, 36, S33-S39. Laird, D. A. (2008). The charcoal vision: a win–win–win scenario for simultaneously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agronomy journal, 100(1), 178-181. Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation: Routledge. Lehmann, J., da Silva, J. P., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., & Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and soil, 249(2), 343-357. Lim, T., Spokas, K., Feyereisen, G., & Novak, J. (2016). Predicting the impact of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties. Chemosphere, 142, 136-144. Miller, J. J., & Curtin, D. (2006). Electrical conductivity and soluble ions. Soil sampling and methods of analysis, 2. Mirzaei Talarposhti, R., Kambozia, J., Sabahi, H., and damghany, A. (2009). Effect of different organic fertilizers on soil physicochemical properties, production and biomass yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1), 257-268. (In Farsi) Moghimi, J. (2005). The introduction of some of the important range plants for the development and improvement of Iranian pastures. Aron (1th ed), 624 P. Mukherjee, A., Lal, R., & Zimmerman, A. (2014). Effects of biochar and other amendments on the physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions of an artificially degraded soil. Science of the Total Environment, 487, 26-36. Nelson, D., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (methodsofsoilan2), 539-579. Obia, A., Mulder, J., Martinsen, V., Cornelissen, G., & Børresen, T. (2016). In situ effects of biochar on aggregation, water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 155, 35-44. Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate: United States Department of Agriculture; Washington. parichehre, M., SadeghZadeh, F., Behmanyar, M. a., & Ghajar Sepanlu, M. (2017). Effects of Rice Straw and Dicer Biochars on Chemical Characteristics of Clay-Loam, Saline-Sodic Soil. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 27(4), 49-1. (In Farsi) Peake, L. R., Reid, B. J., & Tang, X. (2014). Quantifying the influence of biochar on the physical and hydrological properties of dissimilar soils. Geoderma, 235, 182-190. Razzaghi, F., and Rezaie, N. (2017). Effects of different levels of biochar on soil physical properties with different textures, Journal of Water and Soil Resources conservation. Vol 7(1), 75-88. (In Farsi) Rhoades, J. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3—Chemical Methods (methodsofsoilan3), 417-435. Steiner, C., Teixeira, W. G., Lehmann, J., Nehls, T., de Macêdo, J. L. V., Blum, W. E., & Zech, W. (2007). Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and soil, 291(1-2), 275-290. Suliman, W., Harsh, J. B., Abu-Lail, N. I., Fortuna, A. M., Dallmeyer, I., & Garcia-Pérez, M. (2017). The role of biochar porosity and surface functionality in augmenting hydrologic properties of a sandy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 574, 139-147. Thomas, G. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3—Chemical Methods (methodsofsoilan3), 475-490. Trifunovic, B., Gonzales, H. B., Ravi, S., Sharratt, B. S., & Mohanty, S. K. (2018). Dynamic effects of biochar concentration and particle size on hydraulic properties of sand. Land Degradation & Development. Veihmeyer, F. J., & Hendrickson, A. H. (1949). Methods of measuring field capacity and permanent wilting percentage of soils. Soil science, 68(1), 75-94. Wu, L., Vomocil, J. A., & Childs, S. W. (1990). Pore size, particle size, aggregate size, and water retention. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54(4), 952-956. Yazdanpanahi, A., Ahmadaali, Kh, Zare, S., & Shabani Omran, T. (2018a). Investigating the effect of natural and urban waste compost biochars on hydraulic parameters in sandy soils. Journal of Range & Watershed Management, 71(2), 555-561. (In Farsi) Yu, O.-Y., Raichle, B., & Sink, S. (2013). Impact of biochar on the water holding capacity of loamy sand soil. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), 44. Zhang, J., Qun, C., & Changfu, Y. (2016). Biochar effect on water evaporation and hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil. Pedosphere, 26(2), 265-272. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 973 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,046 |
||