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ارزیابی اثر نظارت بر بهرهبرداری از سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای بر ارزش اقتصادی آب، راندمان و بهرهوری آبیاری در زراعت گندم و ذرت (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرستان فاریاب) | ||
| مجله اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 6، شماره 3، مهر 1398، صفحه 753-766 اصل مقاله (600.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2019.281833.1114 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمانه عابدی* 1؛ رحیمه دهقانی دشتابی2؛ فریماه امیدی3 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد سازههای آبی، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 3دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبیاری، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| طراحی و اجرای سامانههای آبیاری معمولاً توسط افراد باتجربه و با صرف وقت، دقت و انرژی بسیار زیاد صورت میگیرد. این در حالی است که بهرهبرداری از سامانههای یادشده، توسط کشاورزانی صورت میگیرد که ضمن داشتن اطلاعات بسیار اندک در زمینۀ بهرهبرداری و نگهداری از سامانههای آبیاری، مدیریت کارآمد آبیاری، که بخش مهم بهرهبرداری از این سامانهها هست را نیز به‌درستی انجام نمیدهند. به این منظور، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیرات نظارت کارشناسی بر بهرهبرداری از سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای بر بازده و بهرهوری آبیاری و همچنین ارزش اقتصادی آب در سال زراعی 1396ـ 1397 در شهرستان فاریاب انجام شد. به این منظور، از اطلاعات جمعآوریشده از مزارع مجهز به سامانۀ آبیاری قطرهای نواری شامل دو محصول ذرت و گندم استفاده شد. در پژوهش حاضر، پروژههای مطالعه‌شده، در شرایط پیش از اجرای نظارت و پس از اجرای نظارت مطالعه شدند. نتایج نشان داد با اجرای نظارت بر بهرهبرداری سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای، مصرف آب آبیاری برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب 1212 و 1533 مترمکعب در هکتار کاهش یافته و عملکرد محصول گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب 1000 و 3400کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافته است. علاوه بر آن، پس از اجرای نظارت بر بهرهبرداری، میزان آبیاری، برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب میزان آبیاری 11 و 16 درصد و مقدار کاربرد آب 57/0 و 54/0 کیلوگرم به ازای هر متر مکعب افزایش یافت. همچنین، برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب بهرهوری اقتصادی 5/0 و 64/0، بهرهوری فیزیکی-اقتصادی 6550 و 6820 ریال به ازای هر متر مکعب و بهرهوری فیزیکی 41/0 و 82/0 بهبود یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزش اقتصادی آب آبیاری؛ تابع تولید محصول؛ راندمان آبیاری؛ سامانههای آبیاری تحت فشار؛ نگهداری و بهرهبرداری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation the Effect of monitoring the operation and maintenance of drip irrigation systems on economic value of water, efficiency and productivity of irrigation in Wheat and Corn farming (Case study: Faryab County ( | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| samaneh abedi1؛ Rahimeh Dehghani Dashtabi2؛ Farimah Omidi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University | ||
| 2Zabol Univerdity | ||
| 3Ph.D. scholar in Irrigation Science and Engineering; Tehran; Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| this research was implemented in order to determine the effect of monitoring the operation of drip irrigation systems by experts on irrigation efficiency, water productivity, and irrigation water price. This research was carried on from 2017 to 2018 on the farms equipped with drip tape irrigation system. Dominant products of the studied area which have been monitored were Corn (Zea Mays) and Wheat (Triticum). In order to study the effect of supervision on efficiency and productivity, the projects were categorized in two comparative groups which were: 1. The projects implemented without supervision on operation and maintenance until the research was started; 2. The projects which were chosen and introduced by Kerman Province Agriculture-Jihad Organization in order to start supervision on operation and maintenance. The results indicated that after implementing the monitoring project, irrigation water consumption was decreased by 1212 and 1533 (m³/ha) for wheat and corn respectively. Also, crop yield was increased by 1000 and 3400 (kg/ha) for wheat and corn respectively. The monitoring project improved irrigation efficiency by 11% for wheat and 16% for corn. Water use efficiency was improved by 0.57 and 0.54 (k/m³) for wheat and corn respectively. In addition, physical productivity increased by 0.5 and 0.64, physical economical productivity increased by 6550 and 6820 (Rls/m³) and economic productivity increased by 0.41 and 0.82 for wheat and corn respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: Crop production function, operation, and maintenance pressurized irrigation system, irrigation water price, irrigation efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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