پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,112,008 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,215,780 |
تأثیر شوری آب منفذی و ماسه بادی بر مقاومت تک محوری و مدول الاستیسیته خاکهای رسی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 51، شماره 3، خرداد 1399، صفحه 641-658 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.289980.668339 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سارا صمیم نیا1؛ امیر ناصرین* 2؛ مهدی دریایی3؛ احمد جعفری4؛ محمد رضا انصاری5 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد سازههای آبی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار گروه سازههای آبی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران | ||
| 4استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان | ||
| 5استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ساخت بستر مناسب برای سازههای آبی مثل کانالها، طول عمر مفید آنها را افزایش میدهد. از جمله عوامل موثر در این موضوع، شرایط مقاومتی خاک است. ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در خاک مقاومت آن را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و در نتیجه میزان باربری آن را دچار تغییر میکند. سدیم و کلسیم از جمله مهمترین کاتیونهای موجود در منابع آب و خاک هستند. در سالیان اخیر، به دلیل صرفه اقتصادی و سازگاری با محیط زیست، استفاده از ماسه بادی به عنوان ماده افزودنی برای اصلاح خاک گسترش یافته است. در این تحقیق تاثیر دو نمک کلرید سدیم و کلرید کلسیم و همچنین ماسه بادی، به عنوان ماده افزودنی، بر خصوصیات مقاومتی خاک رسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاست. در این راستا، هر دو نمک و ماسه بادی در چهار سطح مختلف (به ترتیب 0، 5، 10 و 20 و صفر، 5، 10 و 15 درصد وزنی خاک خشک) به خاک افزوده و نمونههایی تهیه شد. پس از عملآوری در دو دوره 7 و 28 روزه، نمونهها تحت آزمایش مقاومت فشاری تک محوری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش کلرید سدیم موجب کاهش خصوصیات مقاومتی خاک میشود و افزودن ماسه تاثیری بر روند کاهشی آن ندارد. همچنین، افزودن 5 درصد ماسه بادی و 5 درصد کلرید کلسیم موجب حصول حداکثر مقاومت فشاری و مدول الاستیسیته در خاک میشود. بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده، افزودن کلرید کلسیم مقاومت خاک را به اندازه افزودنیهای شیمیایی دیگر مانند آهک افزایش نمیدهد. اما، موجب بهبود نسبی آن میشود. همچنین، برای بهبود مقاومت خاکهای دارای مقادیر زیاد سدیم، آبشویی آنها قبل از ساخت بستر سازه به عنوان راهکار مناسب توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کانال آبیاری؛ تثبیت خاک؛ کلرید سدیم؛ کلرید کلسیم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Pore Water Salinity and Fine Sand on Unconfined Strength and Elasticity Module of Clay Soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sara Samimnia1؛ Amir Naserin2؛ mehdi Daryaee3؛ Ahmad Jafari4؛ Mohammad Reza Ansari5 | ||
| 1Former M.Sc. Student of water structure, Department of Water Engineering Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant professor, Department of hydraulic structures, Faculty of water sciences engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Department of Water engneering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran. | ||
| 5Assistant professor, Department of Soil ُSciences and Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Construction of proper foundation for water structures such as canals increases their long life. One of the effective factors in this issue is soil strength condition. Chemical compounds of the soil affect its strength and change its bearing capacity. Sodium and Calcium are the most important cations in the soil and water resources. In recent years, because of its environmental compatibility and economic advantages, fine sand has been used widely as an additive amendment for soil remediation. In this research, the effect of calcium chloride and sodium chloride as well as fine sand, as additive material, on the strength characteristics of clay soil have been investigated. In this regard, the additive materials (salt and sand) were added to the clay soil at four different levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 0, 5, 10, 15 percent of the soil dry weight, respectively) and specimens were provided by static compaction method. The specimens were subjected to an unconfined compressive strength test after two curing times of 7 and 28 days. The results showed increasing sodium chloride decreases the strength characteristics of the soil and adding fine sand does not have any significant effect on this trend. Also, adding 5 percent sand and calcium chloride to the clay soil caused to obtain maximum unconfined compressive strength and elasticity module of it. On the base of the results, adding calcium chloride improve soil strength relatively but not as much as other common additives, such as lime. Moreover, for increasing the strength of soils with large amounts of sodium chloride, soil leaching is suggested as a proper solution before foundation construction of the structures. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Irrigation Canal, Soil Stabilization, Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abbasi, N., Oveisiha, M. and Movahedan, M. (2013). Effect of Pore Water Salinity on Compaction and Compressibility of Clayey Soils. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 14(3), 67-82. (In Farsi) Abood, T. T., Kasa, A. B. and Chik, Z. B. (2007). Stabilisation of silty clay soil using chloride compounds. Journal of engineering science and technology, 2, 102-110. Abedi Koopaei, J., Soltanian, S. and Gheisari. M. (2015). Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Gypsiferous Soils. Iranian journal of soil and water research, 46(2), 245-253. (In Farsi) Abu-Farsakh, M., Dhakal, S. and Chen, Q. (2015). Laboratory characterization of cementitiously treated/stabilized very weak subgrade soil under cyclic loading. Soils and Foundations, 55(3), 504-516. Ahadian, J., Salemnia, A. and Karimi, M. (2012). The effect of compaction test component on development of stress-strain in the clay soil in comparison to clay- sand soil. Journal of water and soil resources conservation, 1(2), 29-50. (In Farsi) ASTM D 698 (2017). Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)). ASTM D 4318 (2017). Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM D 854 (2017). Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer. ASTM D 2166 (2017). Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. Babalar, M., Raeisi Estabragh, A., Beitollahpoor, I. and Soltani, A. (2016). Regression model for predicting the compressive strength of treated soil-cement with resin. Iranian journal of soil and water research, 47(1), 197-204. (In Farsi) Beer, F. P., Russell Johnston. E., De Wolf, J. T., Mazurek, D. F., (2011). Mechanics of Materials (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Behnood, A. (2018). Soil and clay stabilization with calcium- and non-calcium-based additives: A state-of-the-art review of challenges, approaches and techniques. Transportation Geotechniques, 17(Part A), 14-32. Bowles J. (1992). Engineering properties of soils and their measurement (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Cabane, N., Nectoux, P., Gaudon, P. and Fouletier, M. (2005). Contribution to study of sulphur damages on treated soils. Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium of Treatment and Recycling of Materials for Transport Infrastructure TREMTI, Paris, France, Paper No. C013. Casey, B., Germaine, J.T. and Fahy, B.P. (2017). Effects of Salinity on the Compression and Shear Behavior of Offshore Gulf of Mexico Sediments. In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017 (pp. 306-316). Daryaee, M. and Kashefipour, S.M. (2011). Investigation of the Effect of Adding Soft Sand and Lime on Strength Properties of Clay Soils. Journal of Water and Soil. 25(2), 230-239. (In Farsi) Deng, Y., Wu, Z., Cui, Y., Liu, S. and Wang, Q. (2016). Sand fraction effect on hydro-mechanical behavior of sand-clay mixture. Applied Clay Science, 135, 355-361. Fatahi, B., Khabbaz, H. and Basack, S. (2011). Effects of salinity and sand content on liquid limit and hydraulic conductivity. Australian Geomechanics Journal, 46 (1), 67-76. Firoozi, A.A., Guney Olgun, C., Firoozi, A.A. and Shojaei Baghini, M. (2017). Fundamentals of soil stabilization. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 8, 26. Galán-Marín, C., Rivera-Gómez, C. and Petric, J. (2010). Clay-based composite stabilized with natural polymer and fibre. Construction and Building Materials, 24(8), 1462-1468. Greene, R.S.B., Rengasamy, P., Ford, G.W., Chartres, C.J. and Millar, J.J. (1988). The effect of sodium and calcium on physical properties and micromorphology of two red‐brown earth soils. Journal of Soil Science, 39(4), 639-648. Katebi, H. (2007). The Use of Lime and Sand in Stabilisation of Calcareous Soils. Journal of Faculty of Engineering, 33(3), (Civil Eng.), 65-70. (In Farsi). Khalilzadeh Vahidi. E. and Moradi, N. (2016). Experimental investigation on compressive strength of cement mortar using nano clay and flay ash. Journal of structural and construction engineering, 3(1), 38-48. (In Farsi). Khamechian, M., Rahimi, H. and Soloki, H. (2000). Studies on dispersive soils in relation to geological conditions of Khuzestan Province. Geosciences, 9(35-36), 44-59 (In Farsi). Kumar, A., Walia, B.S. and Bajaj, A. (2007). Influence of fly ash, lime, and polyester fibers on compaction and strength properties of expansive soil. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 19(3), 242-248. Kyei‐Baffour, N., Rycroft, D.W. and Tanton, T.W. (2004). The impacts of sodicity on soil strength. Irrigation and Drainage, 53(1), 77-85. Latifi, N., Horpibulsuk, S., Meehan, C. L., Abd Majid, M. Z., Tahir, M. M. and Mohamad, E. T. (2016a). Improvement of problematic soils with biopolymer—An environmentally friendly soil stabilizer. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29 (2), 04016204. Latifi, N., Meehan, C. L., Abd Majid, M. Z. and Horpibulsuk, S. (2016b). Strengthening montmorillonitic and kaolinitic clays using a calcium-based non-traditional additive: A micro-level study. Applied Clay Science, 132, 182-193. Marto, A., Latifi, N. and Eisazadeh, A. (2014). Effect of non-traditional additives on engineering and microstructural characteristics of laterite soil. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(10), 6949-6958. Modmoltin, C. and Voottipruex, P. (2009). Influence of salts on strength of cement-treated clays. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, 162(1), pp.15-26. Mohd Yunus, N. Z., Wanatowski, D. and Stace. L. R. (2012). Effectiveness of Chloride Salts on the Behaviour of Lime-Stabilised Organic Clay. International Journal of GEOMATE, 3(2), (Sl. No. 6), 407- 412. Momeni, A. (2011). Geographical Distribution and Salinity Levels of Soil Resources of Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 24(3), 203-215. (In Farsi) Panahi, G. and Khodashenas, S.R. (2017). Evaluating Methods for Increasing the Stability Earth slop's in Irrigation Channels. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 3(11), 424-434. Pourakbar, S. and Huat, B. K. (2017). A review of alternatives traditional cementitious binders for engineering improvement of soils. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 11(2), 206-216. Priyadarshee, A., Gupta, D., Kumar, V. and Sharma. V. (2015). Comparative Study on Performance of Tire Crumbles with Fly Ash and Kaolin Clay. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 1, 38. Sagastume Gutierrez, A., Van Caneghem, J., Cogollos. J. and Vandecasteele, C. (2012). Evaluation of the environmental performance of lime production in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production, 31, 126-136. Sagastume Gutierrez, A., Cabello Eras, J. J., Gaviria, C. A., Van Caneghem, J. and Vandecasteele, C. (2017). Improved selection of the functional unit in environmental impact assessment of cement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 463-473. Salamatpoor, S. and Salamatpoor, S. (2017). Evaluation of adding crushed glass to different combinations of cement-stabilized sand. Geo-Engineering, 8, 8. Sani, J.E., Etim, R.K. and Joseph, A. (2019). Compaction Behaviour of Lateritic Soil–Calcium Chloride Mixtures. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(4), 2343-2362. Sharmila, S.M.R., Narayanan, K.S. and Arun, S. (2019). Experimental investigation of soil reinforced with human hair fibre and chloride compounds. Engineering Research Express, 1(1), p.015017. Teerawattanasuk, C. and Voottipruex, P. (2019). Comparison between cement and fly ash geopolymer for stabilized marginal lateritic soil as road material. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 20(11), 1264-1274. Van Paassen, L.A. and Gareau, L.F. (2004). Effect of pore fluid salinity on compressibility and shear strength development of clayey soils. In R. Hack.,R. Azzam. and R. Charlier (Eds.), Engineering geology for infrastructure planning in Europe, A European Perspective. (pp. 327-340). Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer. Wagner, J. F. (2013). Mechanical Properties of Clays and Clay Minerals, In F. Bergaya, and G. Lagaly, (Eds), Developments in Clay Science (Vol 5), (pp 347-381), Elsevier. Yin, J., Hu, M.M., Xu, G.Z., Han, W.X. and Miao, Y.H., (2019). Effect of salinity on rheological and strength properties of cement-stabilized clay minerals. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 1-10. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,052 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 444 |
||