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ارزیابی شاخص راندمان ذخیرۀ آب در ایران و عراق در تجارت آب مجازی با ترکیه | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 6، شماره 4، دی 1398، صفحه 1015-1027 اصل مقاله (619.76 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2019.285760.1164 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نرگس خاتون دولت‌آبادی1؛ محمدابراهیم بنی حبیب* 2؛ عباس روزبهانی3؛ اونر چتین4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استاد گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4استاد دانشگاه دجله- ترکیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| واردات محصولات کشاورزی میتواند یکی از استراتژیهای کارآمد برای ذخیرۀ آب در ایران و عراق باشد. بنابراین، تجارت آب مجازی به کاهش فشار بر منابع آب در این دو کشور منجر خواهد شد. در پژوهش حاضر دو استان الازیگ و دیاربکر که سرچشمۀ رودهای مهم دجله و فرات در کشور ترکیه هستند، به عنوان مبدأ تجارت آب مجازی از ترکیه به ایران و عراق انتخاب شده است. در مطالعۀ حاضر، میزان تجارت آب مجازی از استان یادشده به روش جریان تجارت کالا به کشورهای ایران و عراق طی دورۀ 2015-2018 بررسی شده است. پژوهش حاضر با ارائۀ شاخص راندمان ذخیرۀ آب نشان داد واردات گندم و عدس به‌ترتیب به طور متوسط 2/3 و 1/2 منابع آب در ایران و 1/3 و 0/2 منابع آب در عراق ذخیره می‌کند. از سوی دیگر، مصرف آب در بالادست حوضه برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی به مشکلات زیستمحیطی در پاییندست حوضه منجر شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان میدهد گرچه واردات محصولات از ترکیه به ایران و عراق موجب ذخیرۀ منابع آب در این دو کشور خواهد شد، با توجه به حوضۀ مشترک دجله و فرات، سیاستهای تجاری باید براساس ذخیرهسازی آب در کل حوضه شکل گیرند. رویکرد ارائه‌شده در مطالعۀ حاضر میتواند سبب بهبود سیاستهای تجاری در منطقه و توجه به آثار این تجارتها بر منابع آب و محیط زیست شود و همچنین به شکلگیری سیاستهای تجاری براساس ذخیرهسازی منابع آب از طریق تبادل آب مجازی در جهان منجر شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تجارت آب مجازی؛ دجله و فرات؛ شاخص راندمان ذخیرۀ آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of Water Saving Efficiency Index in Iran/Iraq through Virtual Water Trade with Turkey | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Narges Khatoon Dowlatabadi1؛ Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib2؛ Abbas Roozbahani3؛ Öner Çetin4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Professor, Faculity of Agriculture, Dicle University, Turkey | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Importing of agricultural products can be one of the most effective strategies for saving water in Iran and Iraq. In this regard, the virtual water trade can be used to reduce the pressure on water resources in these countries. The Tigris and Euphrates in Turkey originate from the Diyarbakır and Elâzığ provinces. In this research, these provinces have been selected to investigate the virtual water trade between Turkey and Iran/ Iraq. The volume of virtual water trade has been studied by the flow of trade in goods from these provinces to Iran and Iraq over the 2015-2018 period. The water saving efficiency index showed that the water resources have been saved 3.2, 2.1, 3.1 and 2 in Iran and Iraq, respectively, by the imports of wheat and lentil from these provinces. On the other hand, the environmental problems have been created by the high water consumption for agriculture in this basin. Although the imports of products from Turkey to Iran and Iraq will cause saving water resources in these two countries, the commercial policies should be revised based on saving water in the whole of basin. The commercial policies and the effects of these crops’ trade on the environment can be improved by the approach presented in this paper. In addition, the approach presented here can actuate to the formation of commercial policies based on saving of water resources through the virtual exchange of water in the world. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Virtual water trade, Tigris and Euphrates, Water saving efficiency index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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