تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,113,607 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,217,367 |
بررسی نگرش شهروندان به اثرات خزش شهری (مورد مطالعه: شهر دماوند) | ||
پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
مقاله 16، دوره 53، شماره 2، تیر 1400، صفحه 673-695 اصل مقاله (965.38 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2020.285523.1007975 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ناصر بیات؛ محمد رضا پورغلامی سروندانی* ؛ هادی فدایی؛ علی اصانلو | ||
استادیارگروه جغرافیا، دانشکده فرماندهی و ستاد، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین | ||
چکیده | ||
گسترش کالبدی سکونتگاههای شهری در چارچوب مفهوم خزش شهری یکی از عوامل اصلی تغییر چشمانداز جغرافیای شهری در جهان معاصر به شمار میآید؛ این پدیده پیامدها و چالشهای بسیاری برای توسعة پایدار و زیستپذیری نواحی شهری در پی دارد. در اغلب موارد خزش به مفهوم گسترش فیزیکی و رشد کنترل نشده و بیبرنامۀ سکونتگاههای شهری در قلمرو فضاهای پیراشهری شناخته میشود. هدفِ این پژوهش، بررسی ادراکات شهروندان از اثرات خزش شهری در دماوند از توابع استان تهران است. در چارچوب روششناسی کمّی با رویکرد توصیفی پیمایشی، از 384 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه استاندارد پرسشگری به عمل آمد. آزمون کلموگروف اسمیرنوف برای بررسی وضعیت نرمالیتی دادهها به کار رفت. پس از اطمینان از نرمال بودن دادهها، آزمون تی تکنمونهای برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری به کار رفت. پایایی هر یک از ابعاد پنجگانۀ مورد بررسی، با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بررسی شد. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که از دیدگاه شهروندان اثرات منفی خزش شهری در همه ابعاد بررسی شده بالاتر از از حد متوسط است. در این میان، مهمترین اثرات منفی خزش شهری در دماوند از دیدگاه شهروندان عبارتاند از: "تغییر غیراصولی کاربری زمینهای کشاورزی"، "افزاش آلودگی هوا"، "افزایش هزینههای احیای طبیعت و حفاظت از محیط زیست"، "اختلال در نظم و امنیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی شهر"، " رشد فیزیکی شهر به طور بیبرنامه، خودجوش و کنترلنشده". یافتههای پژوهش دربردارنده نتایج کاربردی برای نهادهای مرتبط با برنامهریزی شهری و منطقهای و همچنین آمایش سرزمین در شهرستان دماوند است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
خزش شهری؛ رشد کالبدی؛ دیدگاه شهروندان؛ اثرات خزش شهری؛ شهردماوند | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigation of citizens' perceptions about urban sprawl effects (Case study: Tehran/Damavand) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
naser bayat؛ mohammad pourghoolami sarvandani؛ Hadi Fadaei؛ ali osanlo | ||
Department of Geography, Faculty of Dafos, Amin University of Police Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Introduction Urban growth and creepsprawl is a dynamic and if this process continuous so fast and unplanned, in addition urban spaces could not creating a good physical composition. Also, it will create many problems in various social, economic and environmental areas for the urban space. It will be a model of a sick city that has suffered from the damage caused by this growing disorder from the development of the city. This form of physical growth of the city is in conflict with the sustainable development of the city. CreepSprawl is generally seen as a low-density, unplanned, and irregularly growing phenomenon outside of urban centers. Compared to intensive development city, urban creepsprawl develops more peripheral spaces and absorbs areas around the city. And so it destroys many rural settlements and agricultural land uses, challenging the countryside ecosystem. Damavand city in the northeast of Tehran metropolis has also been strongly affected by the mentioned conditions. This city to the above problems has been increasingly expanding from the center to the natural and rural suburbs around the central city in recent decades. Problems caused by urban management weaknesses, in order to create an unfavorable role in controlling the conditions governing the growth and physical development of Damavand city. The city of Damavand, towards uncontrolled growth, led to the surrounding natural and rural spaces, especially in the northern and southern parts. Therefore, the present study examines the different dimensions of the negative effects to urban creepsprawl in Damavand city. Theoretical Foundations The creepsprawl phenomenon in a variety of ways, from the perspective of developmental aesthetics to local street patterns can be described. There are several common features that encompass literature that can be help researchers to understand and even measure it. These include: 1. Low-density, single-family homes; 2. Dependence on cars; 3. Existence of creepsprawl growth outside urban centers; 4. Growth creepsprawling pattern; 5. Extension of urban growth; 6. Unspecified boundaries between urban areas and rural areas. By examining the theoretical literature of urban creepsprawl, these theories can be categorized under five heading groups; Research method This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of the nature and method of data collection and analysis is quantitative, and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. Data collection tools are the standard questionnaire of the European Environment Agency on the subject of "urban creepsprawl" along with field observations. This questionnaire was designed to evaluate the effects of urban creepsprawl from the perspective of urban development stakeholders. Based on this, the citizens living in the native or permanent city of Damavand were considered as statistical population. The Likert range consisted of five options for answering questions. The Cochran's formula was used at the error level of 0.05 to determine the sample size. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the research instrument. Based on the population of Damavand city, the last official census of the country (2016) and using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. Finally, after ensuring that the data were normal, an inferential and parametric test was used to analyze the data. Discussions and findings The data in this part of the study have a high reliability (0.85). In all items, the t-test value was 95% significant. Also, the average obtained in all cases is higher than acceptable. The findings show that from the perspective of respondents, urban creepsprawl has a negative impact on Damavand's natural resources and environmental countryside ecosystem. This situation shows that in general, the items that affect the impact of urban creepsprawl on water and soil resources are more important to the citizens living in Damavand. In examining the reliability of urban creepsprawl data on the health and quality of life of Damavand citizens, the value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.74, which indicates an acceptable level of confidence. Also, the average number in all cases is more than acceptable, i.e. 3 as the middle limit. In general, the findings show that in this part of the research, the impact of urban creepsprawl on the dimensions of environmental pollution has received more attention from respondents. In the reliability study of the economic effects of the urban creepsprawl phenomenon in Damavand, the value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. This value indicates the reliability and high validity of the obtained data. In general, the analysis of the findings of this part of the research shows that economic issues related to the environment and more energy consumption are in the focus of respondent's attention. Rising urban living costs and rising wastewater and urban waste management are other issues that come to the next. By its nature, urban creepsprawl is a physical development and physical expansion of the city into its surroundings. The results of the T-test were observed in both significant cases and the mean value was calculated beyond the acceptable level, so that the average of "physical growth of the city unplanned, spontaneous and uncontrolled" was equal to 4.11, and the mean of "creating dense textures and disrupting the process of renovation and improvement of the city" was 4.99. Conclusion The findings show due to the growth of environmental pollution, increased vulnerability to that the threat to the health of citizens. And also, natural disasters due to manipulation and uncontrolled interventions in the natural environment, uncontrolled growth of population and population density in the region are more threat to the health of citizens. The negative economic effects of urban creepsprawl in Damavand include: increasing the costs of nature restoration and increasing the costs of environmental protection; increasing consumption and energy costs; increasing the cost of land and housing; increasing the cost of developing urban infrastructure and services; increasing the cost of relocation and transportation; rising wastewater and municipal waste management costs. Keywords: urban sprawl, physical growth, citizens' attitudes, impacts of urban sprawl, Damavand city | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
urban sprawl, physical growth, citizens' attitudes, impacts of urban sprawl, Damavand city | ||
مراجع | ||
19. Afrakhteh, H.; Hojaji-Pour, M., 2013, Urban sprawl and its implications for sustainable rural development, Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planning), Vol. 11, No. 39, 158-185. (In Persian) 20. Alavi, S. A.; Shakeri-Mansour, E.; Garousi, A. R., 2016, Spatial analysis of formation factors of urban sprawl in the city of Babylon, Zagros landscape (Journal of Geography and Urban Planning), Vol. 9, No, 22, pp. 65-88. (In Persian) 21. Bagheri, B,; Tousi, S. N., 2018, an explanation of urban sprawl phenomenon in Shiraz Metropolitan AreaSMA, Cities, Vol. 73, pp. 1-20. 22. Benfield, F.K.; Raimi, M.; Chen, D., 1999, Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl is Undermining America's Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric, The Natural Resources Defense Council , Washington DC. 23. Bhat, P. A.; Shafiq M.; Mir A. A.; Ahmed, P., 2017, Urban sprawl and its impact on landuse/land cover dynamics of Dehradun City, India, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 513-521. 24. Bovet, J.; Reese, M.; Köck, W., 2018, Taming expansive land use dynamics– Sustainable land use regulation and urban sprawl in a comparative perspective, Land Use Policy, Vol. 77, pp. 837-845. 25. Brody, S., 2013, The Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences of Sprawling Development Patterns in the United States. Nature Education Knowledge, Vol. 4, No.5, p. 2. 26. Brueckner, J.; and Fansler, D. A., 1983, The Economics of Urban Sprawl: Theory and Evidence on the Spatial Sizes of Cities, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 479-82. 27. Carruthers, J. I.; and Ulfarsson, G. F., 2002, Fragmentation and sprawl: evidence from interregional analysis. Growth and Change, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 312-340. 28. Cobbinahab, P. B.; Aboagye, H. N., 2017, A Ghanaian twist to urban sprawl. Land Use Policy .61, pp 231–241. 29. Ehrlich, M. V.; Hilber, Ch. A. L.; Schönic, O., 2017, Institutional settings and urban sprawl: Evidence from Europe, Journal of Housing Economics, 29, pp.1-38. 30. Ewing, R.; Hamidi, Sh.; Grace, J. B.; Wei, Y. D., 2016, Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility? Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 148, pp. 80–88. 31. Faccini, F.: Luino, F.; Paliaga, G.; Sacchini, A.; Turconi, L.; de Jong, C., 2018, Role of rainfall intensity and urban sprawl in the 2014 flash flood in Genoa City, Bisagno catchment (Liguria, Italy), Applied Geography Vol. 98, pp. 224–241. 32. Garrido-Cumbrera, M.; Ruiz, D. G.; Braçe, O.; Lara, E. L., 2018, Exploring the association between urban sprawl and mental health, Journal of Transport & Health, Vol. 10, pp. 1-10. 33. Gavrilidis, A. A.; Răzvan Niță, M.; Onose, D. A; Badiu, D. L.; Năstase, I. I., 2018, Methodological framework for urban sprawl control through sustainable planning of urban green infrastructure, Ecological Indicators, Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 1-12. 34. Glaeser, E. L.; Kahn, M. E., 2003, Sprawl and Urban Growth, Working Paper 9733, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge. 35. Hatami-Nejad, H.; Darabkhani, R., 2006, An Analysis of Chrystaller's Central Place Theory, Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), Vol. 15, No. 60. pp. 65-69. (In Persian) 36. Heimlich, R. E.; and Anderson W., 2001, Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land, Agricultural Economic Report, No. 803. 37. Jalalian, H.; Zeaiean, P.; Darouei, P.; Karimi, K., 2015, An analysis of urban sprawl and land use alterations (a comparative study of Isfahan and Urmia), Physical Development Planning, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 73-98. (In Persian) 38. Khair-Al-din, R.; and Pirouzi, R., 2014, New typology in the development of spatial distribution of metropolitan areas, Case Study: metastatic growth in the axis of the East Metropolitan Region Tehran, Urban Management, Vol. 13, No. 35, pp. 229-243. (In Persian) 39. De Ridder, K.; Lefebre F.; Adriaensen, S. et al, 2008, Simulating the impact of urban sprawl on air quality and population exposure in the German Ruhr area, Reproducing the base state, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42, No. 30, pp. 7059–7069. 40. Liu, Y.; Fan, P.; Yue, W.; Song, Y., 2018, Impacts of land finance on urban sprawl in China: The case of Chongqing, Land Use Policy, Vol. 72, pp. 420–432. 41. Liu, Zh.; Liu, Sh.; Qi, w.; Jin, H., 2018, Urban sprawl among Chinese cities of different population sizes, Habitat International, Vol. 79, pp. 89-98. 42. Mahdavi, M.; Berenjkar, A., 2014, ‘Sprawling City and the Changing of the Rural Land use (Case Study: Bandar-anzali city in the Recent Half)’, Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, Vol. 9, No. 27, pp. 1-17. (In Persian) 43. Masoomi, M. T., 2011, “Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Physical Expansion and Urban Sprawl Growth Using Multidimensional Remote Sensing Data and Statistical Models, Case Study: Ardabil”, Journal of Geography Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 89-106. (In Persian) 44. Mavedat, E.; Maleki, S.; Momeni, K., 2017, Assessment and Evaluation the Spatial Structure and Urban Sprawl (Case Study: Yazd City). Journal of Urban Social Geography, Vol. 4. No. 2, pp. 151-175. (In Persian) 45. Molaei-Qelichi, M.; Meshkini, A.; Khavarian-Garmsir, A., 2017, Trends of urban sprawl and sustainable spatial development planning (case study: Region 2 in Tehran city), Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 43-54. (In Persian) 46. Monshi-Zadeh, R.; Sadeghi, M., 2010, “Special developments of pre-urban villages with emphasis on rural-urban interaction (case study: villages around the city Nurabad mamasani)”, Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, Vol. 5, No. 12, pp. 117-137. (In Persian) 47. Navamuel, E. L; Morollon, F. R.; Cuartas, B. M., 2017, Energy consumption and urban sprawl: Evidence for the Spanish case, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 179, pp. 3479-3486. 48. Nengroo, Z. A., Bhat, M. S. Kuchay, N. A., 2017, Measuring urban sprawl of Srinagar city, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Journal of Urban Management, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 45–55. 49. Sahneh, B,; Dehdari, M.; Moamari, E., 2015, Analysis of physical-spatial pattern of Aq-Qala city in Golestan province, Journal of Urban Social Geography, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 79-96. (In Persian) 50. Saiedi, A.; Afrakhteh, H.; Aziz-Pour, F.; Mahmoodi, S. K., 2014, Metropolitan sprawl attachment and conflict of physical-spatial structure Case: Darband-Kashanak route, Geography (Scientific-Research Journal of the Geographical Association of Iran), Vol. 12, No. 41, pp. 7-42. (In Persian) 51. Saiedi, A.; Hosseini-Hasel, S., 2007, Metropolitan integration of rural settlements with a view to the metropolis of Tehran and its suburbs, Geography (Scientific-Research Journal of the Geographical Association of Iran), Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 7-18. (In Persian) 52. Shafiei-Sabet, N.; Khaksar, S., 2017, “Ecological-environmental consequences of urban sprawl in rural settlements around the Hamedan city”, Environmental Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 55-74. (In Persian) 53. Shaykh-Baygloo, R.; Akbarian-Ronizi, S., 2018, “Urban Sprawl, Annexation of Village to City, and Analysis of Effects and Outcomes from the Viewpoints of Residents (Case Study: Villages Annexed to Shiraz Metropolis”, Human Geography Research, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 591-608. (In Persian) 54. Skog, K. S; Steinnesb, M., 2016, How do centrality, population growth and urban sprawl impact farmland conversion in Norway?, Land Use Policy, Vol. 59, pp, 185-196. 55. Song, Y.; and Knaap, G., 2004, Measuring Urban Form: Is Portland Winning the War on Sprawl?, Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 210-225. 56. Statistical Center of Iran, 2016, Summary of the results of the general population and housing census. (In Persian) 57. Torrens, P. M.; and Alberti, M, 2000, measuring sprawl, Working Paper No. 27, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London. 58. Travisi, Ch. M.; Camagni, R.; Nijkamp, P., 2010, Impacts of urban sprawl and commuting: a modelling study for Italy, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 18, No. 3, 382–392. 59. Tsai, Y. H., 2005, Quantifying urban form: compactness versus ‘sprawl', Urban Studies Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 141-161. 60. Varesi, H.; Rajaie-Jazin, A.; Ghanbari, M., 2012, An analysis of Gonabad City physical growth using Entropy and Holdern Model, Town and Country Planning, Vol. 4, No. , pp. 79-100. (In Persian) 61. Yasin, M. Y.; Yusoff, M. M.; Noor, N. M. M., 2019, Theories of Urban Sprawl, Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Malaysia-Indonesia Relations (PAHMI), pp .259-262 62. Young, M.; Tanguay, G. A.; Lachapelle, U., 2016, Transportation costs and urban sprawl in Canadian metropolitan areas, Vol. 60, pp. 1-10. 63. Zhang, Ch.; Miao, Ch.; Zhang, W.; Chen, X., 2018, Spatiotemporal patterns of urban sprawl and its relationship with economic development in China during 1990–2010, Vol. 79, Habitat International, pp. 1-10. 64. Zhang, X.; Jie, Ch.; Manzhi, T.; Sun Y., 2007, Assessing the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources of Nanjing city using satellite images and digital soil databases, CATENA, Vol. 69, No. 1. pp. 16–30. 65. Zhou, W.; Jiao, M,; Yu, W; Wang, j., 2019, Urban sprawl in a megaregion: A multiple spatial and temporal perspective, Ecological Indicators, , Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 54-66. 66. Zia Tavana, M.; Ghadermazy, H., 2009, “Land Use Changes of Peri-Urban Villages in Urban Sprawl Process: Case study: Naisar & Hassanabad Villages of Sanandaj”, Human Geography Research, Vol. 42, No. 68, pp. 119-135. (In Persian) | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 734 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 426 |