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بررسی تنش شوری و خشکی بر کاهش جذب آب گیاه تحت شرایط تنش همزمان | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 51، شماره 7، مهر 1399، صفحه 1711-1723 اصل مقاله (952.65 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.296737.668486 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ابوذر بذرافشان1؛ مهدی شرفا1؛ محمدحسین محمدی* 1؛ علی اصغر ذوالفقاری2 | ||
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی- پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی- دانشگاه تهران- کرج- ایران | ||
2گروه بیابان زدایی- دانشکده کویرشناسی- دانشگاه سمنان- سمنان- ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی تاثیر تنشهای شوری و خشکی بر میزان کاهش جذب آب توسط گیاه ذرت انجام شد. بهمنظور اعمال این تنشها، گلدانها به دو قسمت تنش شوری و خشکی تقسیم شدند. آزمایشهای گلخانهای در دو فصل بهار و پاییز در گلخانه بهصورت طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1396 انجام شدند. گلدانها به دو قسمت شامل تنشهای شوری و خشکی تقسیم شدند. جذب آب گیاه بهصورت روزانه در قسمت شوری گلدان تحت پتانسیل ماتریک 100 سانتیمتر در سطوح شوری مختلف آب آبیاری (0، 7/1، 36/3، 33/6 و 35/8 دسیزیمنس بر متر) اندازهگیری شد. پتانسیل اسمزی در گلدانها بعد از شروع اعمال تیمار ثابت نگه داشته شد. پتانسیلهای ماتریک و اسمزی بر اساس جذب آب برابر ریشهها در قسمت شوری و خشکی گلدانها کمیسازی شدند. در بهار، نسبت پتانسیل ماتریک به اسمزی در تیمارهای خشکی D1، D2، D3، D4 و تیمارهای شوری S1، S2،S3، S4 متناظر برابر با 28/0، 5/0، 47/0 و 46/0بود. در پاییز، این نسبتها در تیمارهای خشکی D1، D2، D3، D4 و تیمارهای شوری S1، S2،S3، S4 متناظر به ترتیب 25/0، 32/0، 32/0 و 33/0 بودند. کاهش جذب آب با یک واحد کاهش پتانسیل ماتریک بیشتر از یک واحد کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی بود. پتانسیل اسمزی اثر بیشتری بر کاهش جرم ریشه تحت شرایط مصرف آب برابر داشت. این نتایج نشان داد فرضیه جمعپذیر یا ضربپذیر بودن پتانسیلهای ماتریک و اسمزی صحیح نمیباشد. نتایج این مطالعه جهت مدیریت دقیق آب آبیاری تحت تنشهای شوری و خشکی میتواند استفاده شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پتانسیل اسمزی؛ پتانسیل ماتریک؛ جذب آب؛ سیستم ریشه؛ ذرت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigation of Salinity and Drought Stress on Plant Water Uptake Reduction under Simultaneous Stress Condition | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
abouzar bazrafshan1؛ Mehdi Shorafa1؛ Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi1؛ Ali Asghar Zolfaghari2 | ||
1Department of Soil Science- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology-College of Agricultural and Natural Resources- University of Tehran- Karaj- Iran | ||
2Department of Desert Science- Faculty of Desert Studies- University of Semnan- Semnan- Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and drought stress on water uptake reduction by maize. In order to exert this stresses, the pots were divided into two compartments including salinity and drought stresses. For two seasons, greenhouse experiments were conducted in a randomized design with four replicates in 2017. Water uptake by maize was measured daily in saline compartment of pots under constant matric potential of -100 cm, in different salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 1.7, 3.36, 6.33 and 8.35 dS m-1). The osmotic potential in pots was kept constant after the treatment initiation. The matric and osmotic potentials were quantified based on equal water uptake by roots in salinity and drought compartments of pots. In spring, the ratio of matric to osmotic potential was 0.28, 0.5, 0.47 and 0.46 in corresponding drought treatments (D1, D2, D3, D4) and salinity treatments (S1, S2, S3, S4). For autumn, these ratios were 0.25, 0.32, 0.32 and 0.33 in corresponding drought treatments (D1, D2, D3, D4) and salinity treatments (S1, S2, S3, S4). Water uptake reduction by one unit decrease of matric potential was found to be more than the one caused by one unit decrease of osmotic potential. Osmotic potential had more effect than the matric potential on reducing root mass under the same water use conditions. These results indicated that the assumption of matric and osmotic potentials to be additive or multiplicative is not valid. The results of this study can be used to accurately manage irrigation water under salinity and drought stresses. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
osmotic potential, matric potential, water uptake, root system, maize | ||
مراجع | ||
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