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دامنه بهینه چگالی ظاهری نسبی بدست‌آمده از آزمون پروکتور و تنش محوری 200 کیلو پاسکال برای رشد آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 8، آبان 1399، صفحه 1937-1945 اصل مقاله (777.67 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.293912.668426 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سحر آقایی1؛ سارا نظری1؛ حسین عسگرزاده* 2؛ حبیب خداوردی لو3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی /گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این پژوهش تعیین حدود بحرانی و دامنه بهینه چگالی ظاهری نسبی (RBD) بهدستآمده از آزمون پروکتور (RBDProctor) و تنش محوری 200 کیلو پاسکال (RBD200kPa) یک خاک لومی-رسی-سیلتی بر اساس وزن نسبی دانه، وزن نسبی خشک شاخساره، ارتفاع نسبی و حجم نسبی ریشه گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) بود. مقادیر نسبی از تقسیم میانگین مقادیر مطلق صفات مذکور در هر گلدان بر بیشینۀ مشاهدهشده همان صفت بهدست آمد. دامنهای از چگالی ظاهری خاک (35/1 تا Mg m-3 59/1) در 10 گلدان (cm 50 × cm 40 و عمق cm 50) توسط غلطکهایی با جرمهای متفاوت ایجاد شدند. آفتابگردان کشت شده در گلدانها در فضای باز قرار گرفت و در طول آزمایش وزن گلدانها و میزان آب زهکشی شده بهصورت روزانه اندازهگیری شد. مقدار رطوبت خاک در گلدانها توسط آبیاری در محدوده FC تا FC6/0 نگه داشته شد. دامنه بهینه RBDProctor و RBD200kPa دامنهای پنداشته شد که در آن صفتهای نسبی گیاه بزرگتر یا مساوی 95/0 بیشینۀ پیشبینیشده با معادلۀ برازش یافته بر دادههای نسبی در برابر RBD باشد. عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان در RBDProctor برابر 854/0 به حداکثر مقدار رسید و دامنه بهینه RBDProctor برای وزن نسبی دانه بین 823/0 تا 884/0 بهدست آمد. مقادیر متناظر برای RBD200kPa به ترتیب برابر 975/0، 940/0 تا 009/1 بودند. این یافتهها نشان داد که در RBD کمتر از حد پایین یا بیشتر از حد بالای شروع محدودیت، شرایط نامناسب فیزیکی خاک سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دامنه بهینه چگالی ظاهری نسبی؛ آزمون پروکتور؛ تنش محوری 200 کیلو پاسکال؛ عملکرد آفتابگردان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Optimal range of relative bulk density obtained using proctor and axial stress of 200 kPa for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sahar Aghaei1؛ Sara Nazari1؛ Hossein Asgarzadeh2؛ Habib Khodaverdiloo3 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was to determine the critical limits and optimal range of relative bulk density (RBD) obtained using proctor test (RBDProctor) and axial stress of 200 kPa (RBD200kPa) for a silty clay loam soil which were determined based on relative grain yield, relative shoot dry, relative height and relative root volume of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The relative values were obtained by dividing the absolute mean values of mentioned traits to observed maximum values of each trait. A range of soil bulk density (1.35 to 1.59 Mg m-3) was prepared in 10 bins (40 cm × 50 cm with 50 cm depth) using rollers of different weights. The bins were located out-doors after sowing sunflower and the weight of bins and drained water volume were measured daily. The soil water content was retained in the range of field capacity (FC) to 0.6FC through irrigation. The optimal ranges of RBDProctor and RBD200kPa were assumed to be the ranges in which the relative traits of sunflower were greater or equal to 0.95 of maximum value predicted by obtained equations fitted to relative data versus RBD. Sunflower yield was maximum at RBDProctor equal to 0.854 and the optimal range of RBDProctor based on relative grain yield was from 0.823 to 0.884. In this range sunflower relative grain yield was greater or equal to 95%. The corresponding values of RBD200kPa were 0.975, 0.940 to 1.009, respectively. This finding revealed that at the RBD values less than lower limit and greater than upper limit of starting restriction, unsuitable physical conditions reduce sunflower relative grain yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Optimal range of relative bulk density, Proctor test, Axial stress of 200 kPa, Sunflower grain yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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