تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,485 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,045 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 123,039,250 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 96,274,594 |
Levels of Fine Particulate Matter Bound Trace Metals in Air of Glass Industrial Area; Firozabad | ||
Pollution | ||
دوره 6، شماره 3، مهر 2020، صفحه 555-568 اصل مقاله (930.73 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2020.294483.728 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
K. Rajouriya؛ H. Rohra؛ A. Taneja* | ||
Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India | ||
چکیده | ||
The present study deals with sequential extraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) bound trace metals in an industrial area of Firozabad, India. During the study period, daily PM2.5 concentration ranged between 73.49 μg/m3 and 113.26 μg/m3 with poor air quality index of 196.37. In the present study, Ca recorded the highest while Co had the lowest concentration among all analysed metals. Mn, Ni, Pb, Co, and Cu had high bioavailability (34.80%-65.80%) than other elements. Cd, Pb, and Cu were found to be highly enriched (EF> 289-6516) by varied anthropogenic activities. Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Ni, Mn, and Cr and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) of Cr(VI) and Ni exceeded the respective safer limit (HQ>1 and ELCR≥ 10-6), thus implying serious risk to the receptors. All the metals had the highest concentration in less mobile and residual fraction except for Ni and Co, which inferred greater risk due to their high toxicity. Overall, the results present exposure and risk assessment of metal associated particles; that provides in-depth knowledge of the risk factors through inhalation exposure pathway of particles associated with industrial environment. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Air quality index؛ bioavailability index؛ fine particulate؛ sequential extraction؛ health risk | ||
مراجع | ||
Ahmad, A. and Bano, N. (2015). Ambient air quality of Firozabad city: a spatio-temporal analysis. Journal of Global Biosciences, 4(2); 1488-1496. Betha, A., Pradani, M., Lestari, P., Joshi, U. M., Reid, J. S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2013). Chemical speciation of trace metals emitted from Indonesian peat fires for health risk assessment. Atmos. Res., 122; 571-578. Bhattacharyya, D., Balachandran, S. and Chaudhury, S. (2014). Chemical speciation and mobility of some trace elements in vermin composted fly ash. Soil Sediment Contam., 23(8); 917-931. Chaudhary, S. and Banerjee, D. K. (2007). Speciation of some heavy metals in coal fly ash. Chem. Spec. Bioavailab., 19(3); 95-102. CPCB. (2015). National air quality index report; central pollution control board ministry of environment, forest and climate change 6. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Air%20Quality%20Index.pdf EC. (2000). DG Environment european commission. working group on arsenic, cadmium and nickel compounds, 2000. Ambient air pollution by As, Cd and Ni compounds. position paper (final version). https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/air/pdf/pp_as_cd_ni.pdf (visited on 28/03/2020) Feng, X. D., Dang, Z. and Huang, W. L. (2009). Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6; 337- 346. Fernández, A. J., Ternero, M., Barragan, F. J. and Jimenez, J. C. (2000). An approach to characterization of sources of urban airborne particles through heavy metal speciation. Chemosphere, 2(2); 123-136. Hieu, N. T. and Lee, B. K. (2010). Charactersticks of particulate matter and metals in the ambient air Pollution, 6(3): 555-568, Summer 2020 567 from a residential area in the largest industrial city in Korea. Atmos. Res., 98(2-4); 526-537. Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Ding, Z.H., Wang, T., Lian, H., Sun, Y. and Wu, J. (2012). Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China. Atmos. Environ., 57; 146-152. Izhar, S., Goel, A., Chakraborty, A. and Gupta, T. (2016). Annual trends in occurrence of submicron particles in ambient air and health risk posed by particle bound metals. Chemosphere, 146; 582-590. Jan, R., Roy, R. and Yadav, S. (2018). Chemical fractionation and health risk assessment of particulate matter-bound metals in Pune, India. Environ. Geochem. Health, 40(1); 255-270. Kashif, M. (2016) (dissertation report). Bangles making in Firozabad, the glass city of India. B.Arch. First Year, F/O Architecture and Ekistics Jamia Milia Islamia University. https://www.academia.edu/32765949/BANGLE_MAKING_IN_FIROZABAD_THE_GLASS_CITY_OF_INDIA_(Visited on 17/03/2020) Li, H. M., Wang, J. H. and Wang, Q. G. (2015). Chemical fractionation of arsenic and heavy metals in fine particle matter and its implications for risk assessment: a case study in Nanjing, China. Atmos. Environ., 103; 339-346. Li, H. M., Qian, X. and Wang, Q. G. (2013). Heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter: a comprehensive understanding is needed for monitoring and risk mitigation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 47; 13210-13211. Loxham, M., Cooper, M. J., Gerlofs-Nijland, M. E., Cassee, F. R., Davies, D. E., Palmer, M. R. and Teagle, D.A.H. (2013). Physicochemical characterization of airborne particulate matter at a mainline underground railway station. Environ. Sci. Technol., 47; 3614-3622. Mohanraj, R., Azeez, P. A. and Priscilla, T. (2004). Heavy metals in airborne particulate matter of urban Coimbatore. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 47; 162-167. NAAQS. (2009).The gazette of India: national ambient air quality standard extraordinary part II, section 3 on 16 november 2009, available from: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/ upload/Latest/Latest_49_MoEF_ Notification.pdf Pipal, A.S., Jan, R., Satsangi, P.G., Tiwari, S. and Taneja, A. (2014). Study of surface morphology, elemental composition and origin of atmospheric aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) over Agra, India. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14; 1685-1700. Rohra, H., Tiwari, R., Khandelwal, N. and Taneja, A. (2018a). Mass distribution and health risk assessment of size segregated particulate in varied indoor microenvironments of Agra, India - A case study. Urban Climate, 24; 139-152. Rohra, H., Tiwari, R., Khare, P. and Taneja, A. (2018b). Indoor outdoor association of particulate matter and bounded elemental composition within coarse, quasi-accumulation and quasi-ultrafine ranges in residential areas of Northern India. Sci. Total Environ., 631-632; 1383-1397. Sah, D., Verma, P. K., Kumari, M. and Lakhani, A. (2017). Chemical partitioning of fine particle- bound As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and assessment of associated cancer risk due to inhalation, ingestion and dermal exposure. Inhalation Toxicol., 29(11); 1-12. Sah, D., Verma, P. K., Kandikonda, M. K. and Lakhani, A. (2019). Chemical fractionation, bioavailability, and health risks of heavy metals in fine particulate matter at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Resea., 26; 19749-19762. Templeton, D. M., Ariese, F., Cornelis, R., Danielsson, L. G., Muntau, H., Leeuwen, H. P. V. and Lobiński, R. (2000). Guidelines for terms related to chemical speciation and fractionation of elements. Definitions, structural aspects, and methodological approaches (IUPAC Recommendations 2000). Pure Appl. Chem., 72; 1453-1470. Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. and Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem., 51(7); 844-851. Tiwari, R., Singh, P. P. and Taneja, A. (2020). Chemical characterization of particulate matter at traffic prone roadside environment in Agra, India. Pollution, 6(2); 247-262. Tokalioglu, S., Kartal, S. and Birol, G. (2003). Comparison of three sequential extraction procedure for partitioning of heavy metals in car park dust. J. Environ. Monit., 5(3); 468-476. USEPA. (1993). Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessment. United States of environmental protection agency, background document 1A, integrated risk information system (IRIS). https://www.epa.gov/iris/reference-dose-rfd-description-and-use-health-risk-assessments (visited on 06/03/2020) USEPA. (2009). Risk assessment guidance for superfund: United States of environmental protection agency, Volume 1- Human health Rajouriya, K., et al. Pollution is licensed under a "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)" 568 evaluation manual, (part F, supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment, (Washington D. C.). https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/partf_200901_final. pdf (visited 06/03/2020) USEPA. (2011). Risk assessment guidance for superfund, human health evaluation manual; part E, supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment; part F, supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment 1. https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidance-superfund-rags-part-f (visited 06/03/2020) Varshney, S. and Agrawal, P. (2014). Health and environmental impacts of glass industry (a case study of Firozabad glass industry). European Academic Research, 2 (8); 10127-10149. Wang, Q. Y. D., Cui, Y. and Liu, X. (2010). Instances of soil and crop heavy metal contamination in China. Soil Sediment. Contam., 10(5);497-510. WHO. (2005). Air quality guidelines global update published by world health organization on the internet, available from: http://www.euro.who.int/document/E87950.pdf (Visited on 29/02/2020) WHO. (2007). Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution, World Health Organization (ISBN 978 92 890 7179 6). http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/78649/E91044.pdf?ua=1 (Visited on 29/02/2020) AUTHOR Kalpana Rajouriya is a M.Phil. scholar in the Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra. She is working under the supervision Prof. Ajay Taneja for her degree. Her work is focused on industrial air pollution and to find out its impact on human being health. Himanshi Rohra is Ph.D. scholar under the supervision of Prof Ajay Taneja and is working on chemical characterization of size segregated Particulate Matter and its effect on human health. Ajay Taneja* is a Professor of chemistry in Dr B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra. His research interest is in environmental chemistry and indoor air pollution. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 801 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 827 |